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Sex differences in suicide mortality among Vietnam War-era veterans 1979-2019: a cohort study.

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Názov: Sex differences in suicide mortality among Vietnam War-era veterans 1979-2019: a cohort study.
Autori: Weitlauf JC; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA Julie.Weitlauf@va.gov.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and by courtesy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA., Bullman T; Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Veterans Health Administration, Washington DC -, USA., Schneiderman A; Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Veterans Health Administration, Washington DC -, USA., Akhtar F; Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Veterans Health Administration, Washington DC -, USA., Morley SW; Center for Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, New York, USA., Culpepper WJ; Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Veterans Health Administration, Washington DC -, USA., Britton PC; Center for Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, New York, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA., Davey VJ; US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington DC, - USA.
Zdroj: BMJ mental health [BMJ Ment Health] 2025 Oct 24; Vol. 28 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 24.
Spôsob vydávania: Journal Article; Observational Study
Jazyk: English
Informácie o časopise: Publisher: BMJ Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9918521385306676 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2755-9734 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27559734 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Ment Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BMJ, [2023]-
Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: Veterans*/statistics & numerical data , Veterans*/psychology , Vietnam Conflict* , Suicide*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; United States/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Sex Factors ; Cohort Studies ; Aged
Abstrakt: Background: Suicide mortality among Vietnam War-era veterans has been examined for nearly five decades. Research on sex-based differences in postwar suicide risk among this veteran cohort, however, remains scant.
Objective: To examine the association of theatre deployment or deployment to Vietnam or the surrounding theatres of war operations between 1961 and 1975, and sex differences in risk of postwar (1979-2019) suicide mortality among Vietnam War-era veterans.
Methods: This was an observational study using a retrospective cohort design to examine the impact of sex and theatre deployment or deployment to Vietnam or the surrounding theatres of war operations between 1961 and 1975 on risk of postwar suicide mortality among 9 494 656 US Vietnam War-era veterans. Suicide mortality data were drawn from the Veterans Affairs Mortality Data Repository, 1979-2019.
Findings: A total of 94 497 suicide deaths were observed. Theatre deployment was not associated with increased risk of suicide among male, HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.96), or female, HR 1.22 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.59), veterans. Relative to the general population, female veterans had heightened risk of suicide, standardised mortality ratios (SMR) 1.75 (95% CI 1.66 to 1.86); male veterans did not, SMR 0.97 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.98). Firearms were used in 45% of all observed suicides.
Conclusions: Theatre deployment was not associated with increased risk of suicide. Female veterans' elevated risk of suicide relative to the general population, however, warrants attention.
Clinical Implications: Vigilant attention to the heightened risk of suicide among female Vietnam War-era veterans relative to the general population is needed.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. Published by BMJ Group.)
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Adult psychiatry; Suicide & self-harm
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251024 Date Completed: 20251024 Latest Revision: 20251203
Update Code: 20251204
PubMed Central ID: PMC12557736
DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2025-301820
PMID: 41136344
Databáza: MEDLINE
Popis
Abstrakt:Background: Suicide mortality among Vietnam War-era veterans has been examined for nearly five decades. Research on sex-based differences in postwar suicide risk among this veteran cohort, however, remains scant.<br />Objective: To examine the association of theatre deployment or deployment to Vietnam or the surrounding theatres of war operations between 1961 and 1975, and sex differences in risk of postwar (1979-2019) suicide mortality among Vietnam War-era veterans.<br />Methods: This was an observational study using a retrospective cohort design to examine the impact of sex and theatre deployment or deployment to Vietnam or the surrounding theatres of war operations between 1961 and 1975 on risk of postwar suicide mortality among 9 494 656 US Vietnam War-era veterans. Suicide mortality data were drawn from the Veterans Affairs Mortality Data Repository, 1979-2019.<br />Findings: A total of 94 497 suicide deaths were observed. Theatre deployment was not associated with increased risk of suicide among male, HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.96), or female, HR 1.22 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.59), veterans. Relative to the general population, female veterans had heightened risk of suicide, standardised mortality ratios (SMR) 1.75 (95% CI 1.66 to 1.86); male veterans did not, SMR 0.97 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.98). Firearms were used in 45% of all observed suicides.<br />Conclusions: Theatre deployment was not associated with increased risk of suicide. Female veterans' elevated risk of suicide relative to the general population, however, warrants attention.<br />Clinical Implications: Vigilant attention to the heightened risk of suicide among female Vietnam War-era veterans relative to the general population is needed.<br /> (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. Published by BMJ Group.)
ISSN:2755-9734
DOI:10.1136/bmjment-2025-301820