Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccine coverage among children living with HIV, HIV-exposed uninfected, and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in the Western Cape, South Africa.
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| Název: | Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccine coverage among children living with HIV, HIV-exposed uninfected, and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in the Western Cape, South Africa. |
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| Autoři: | Collins C; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Electronic address: CLLCOU002@myuct.ac.za., Ratshisusu L; HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa., Modise LM; HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa., Simani OE; HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa., Selabe SG; HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa., Muloiwa R; Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) Support Hub, Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa., Copelyn J; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa., Amponsah-Dacosta E; Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) Support Hub, Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. |
| Zdroj: | Vaccine [Vaccine] 2025 Nov 14; Vol. 66, pp. 127843. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 14. |
| Způsob vydávání: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Informace o časopise: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8406899 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2518 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0264410X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vaccine Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science Original Publication: [Guildford, Surrey, UK] : Butterworths, [c1983- |
| Výrazy ze slovníku MeSH: | Hepatitis B*/prevention & control , Hepatitis B*/epidemiology , Hepatitis B*/immunology , HIV Infections*/epidemiology , HIV Infections*/immunology , HIV Infections*/complications , Hepatitis B Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B Vaccines*/immunology , Vaccination Coverage*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data |
| Abstrakt: | Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Background: Limited evidence on the burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children living with HIV (CLWH), HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children hinders progress towards eliminating hepatitis B. Methods: This study used secondary data and archival sera (N = 671) from children <13 years old attending health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage was assessed using vaccination records for doses 1 to 3 by 12 months of age. Timely uptake was defined as receipt of a dose from 4 days before to 28 days after the recommended age. Serological markers of infection and immunity were measured using Elecsys® test kits (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). Logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with incomplete and delayed vaccination. Results: Coverage with all three doses by 12 months was 86.7 % (13/15), 80.9 % (263/325), and 77.0 % (57/74) for CLWH, HUU, and HEU, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased across all subgroups as the schedule progressed. The highest proportion of delayed uptake for the third dose was noted among CLWH at 23.1 % (3/13), followed by 21.6 % (58/269) among HUU and 15.3 % (9/59) among HEU children (p = 0.540). Median delay for dose 3 was longest among CLWH (11.3 weeks) compared to HUU (6.7 weeks) (p = 0.368). HBV infection was detected in 1.4 % (1/74) of HEU and 0.3 % (1/328) of HUU children, with no cases among CLWH. Factors associated with completing the third dose included crèche attendance, lower-middle socio-economic status (SES), timely uptake of dose 1, participant's age, and HIV exposure status. Crèche attendance was associated with a lower likelihood of delayed uptake, while increasing age was associated with a higher likelihood of delay. Conclusion: Our findings highlight disparities in timely hepatitis B vaccine uptake and coverage, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions ensuring timely vaccine uptake among HIV-exposed children. (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Hepatitis B Vaccines) 0 (Hepatitis B Antibodies) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251015 Date Completed: 20251101 Latest Revision: 20251101 |
| Update Code: | 20251102 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127843 |
| PMID: | 41092803 |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br />Background: Limited evidence on the burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children living with HIV (CLWH), HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children hinders progress towards eliminating hepatitis B.<br />Methods: This study used secondary data and archival sera (N = 671) from children <13 years old attending health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage was assessed using vaccination records for doses 1 to 3 by 12 months of age. Timely uptake was defined as receipt of a dose from 4 days before to 28 days after the recommended age. Serological markers of infection and immunity were measured using Elecsys® test kits (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). Logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with incomplete and delayed vaccination.<br />Results: Coverage with all three doses by 12 months was 86.7 % (13/15), 80.9 % (263/325), and 77.0 % (57/74) for CLWH, HUU, and HEU, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased across all subgroups as the schedule progressed. The highest proportion of delayed uptake for the third dose was noted among CLWH at 23.1 % (3/13), followed by 21.6 % (58/269) among HUU and 15.3 % (9/59) among HEU children (p = 0.540). Median delay for dose 3 was longest among CLWH (11.3 weeks) compared to HUU (6.7 weeks) (p = 0.368). HBV infection was detected in 1.4 % (1/74) of HEU and 0.3 % (1/328) of HUU children, with no cases among CLWH. Factors associated with completing the third dose included crèche attendance, lower-middle socio-economic status (SES), timely uptake of dose 1, participant's age, and HIV exposure status. Crèche attendance was associated with a lower likelihood of delayed uptake, while increasing age was associated with a higher likelihood of delay.<br />Conclusion: Our findings highlight disparities in timely hepatitis B vaccine uptake and coverage, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions ensuring timely vaccine uptake among HIV-exposed children.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) |
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| ISSN: | 1873-2518 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127843 |