Crossing cultural barriers: an initial cross-cultural validation of the Arabic compared to the German version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis.
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| Názov: | Crossing cultural barriers: an initial cross-cultural validation of the Arabic compared to the German version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. |
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| Autori: | Lüder CC; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany., Equit M; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany., Becker N; Division of Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany., Schönfelder A; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany., Glaesmer H; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany., Nesterko Y; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.; Department for Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Department for Traumatic Stress and Transcultural Studies, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany., Michael T; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. |
| Zdroj: | European journal of psychotraumatology [Eur J Psychotraumatol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 2565898. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 09. |
| Spôsob vydávania: | Journal Article; Validation Study |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Informácie o časopise: | Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101559025 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2000-8066 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20008066 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Psychotraumatol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2016- : Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis Original Publication: [Järfälla] : [Amsterdam] : Co-action Pub. ; The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, [2010]- |
| Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: | Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/diagnosis , Cross-Cultural Comparison* , Checklist*/standards , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales*/standards, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Germany ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Reproducibility of Results ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Language |
| Abstrakt: | Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent worldwide, yet its phenomenology and prevalence vary according to individual and contextual factors. Due to heightened exposure to (post-) conflict environments, many Arabic-speaking individuals are at high risk of PTSD. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a widely used screening tool for PTSD symptoms, validated in several languages, including German and Arabic. However, despite its frequent cross-linguistic and cross-cultural use, a comprehensive cross-linguistic and cross-cultural validation of the PCL-5 Arabic version still remains outstanding. Objective: To ensure the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparability of the PCL-5 German and Arabic versions, this study examined the measurement invariance in a heterogeneous sample of German-speaking ( n = 283) and Arabic-speaking individuals ( n = 295). Method: Sociodemographic data and characteristics of stressful life events were assessed. Subsequently, we examined the internal consistency of the PCL-5 Arabic and German versions and broaden current investigations on structural validity as conducted via confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) by multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) across both language versions. Results: The present findings show that the Arabic-speaking subsample reported more man-made trauma, which was associated with higher PCL-5 sum scores compared to the German-speaking subsample. The PCL-5 showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .96). CFA indicated good model fit for all models tested, favouring the Anhedonia and Hybrid models. While MGCFA confirmed configural, threshold, and metric invariance, the scalar invariance could not be established. Conclusions: The present study supports previous research indicating that the factorial structure of the PCL-5 is consistent across both language versions in the CFA. Nevertheless, our findings show a lack of scalar invariance in the MGCFA, which suggests potential bias in the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparability of the PCL-5 sum scores between the Arabic and the German versions. This highlights the need for context-, language-, and culture-sensitive diagnostics to ensure accurate PTSD assessments. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Lista de Verificación para el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático según el DSM-5 (PCL-5); Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5; cross-cultural validation; invarianza de medida; measurement invariance; validación transcultural Local Abstract: [plain-language-summary] This study goes beyond previous research as the first to examine measurement invariance of PCL-5 German and Arabic versions in a direct European–Middle Eastern comparison.No significant discrepancies in factor structures emerged when comparing the confirmatory factor analyses of the German and Arabic PCL-5 versions, supporting the best fit for the Hybrid and Anhedonia models.The examination of measurement invariance between the PCL-5 German and Arabic versions supports configural, metric, and threshold invariance, highlighting comparable six- to seven-factor structures with similar item-factor correlation patterns, whereas missing scalar invariance indicates potential bias in comparing PCL-5 sum scores between these two subsamples. |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251009 Date Completed: 20251009 Latest Revision: 20251012 |
| Update Code: | 20251012 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12512762 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/20008066.2025.2565898 |
| PMID: | 41065059 |
| Databáza: | MEDLINE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent worldwide, yet its phenomenology and prevalence vary according to individual and contextual factors. Due to heightened exposure to (post-) conflict environments, many Arabic-speaking individuals are at high risk of PTSD. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a widely used screening tool for PTSD symptoms, validated in several languages, including German and Arabic. However, despite its frequent cross-linguistic and cross-cultural use, a comprehensive cross-linguistic and cross-cultural validation of the PCL-5 Arabic version still remains outstanding. Objective: To ensure the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparability of the PCL-5 German and Arabic versions, this study examined the measurement invariance in a heterogeneous sample of German-speaking ( n = 283) and Arabic-speaking individuals ( n = 295). Method: Sociodemographic data and characteristics of stressful life events were assessed. Subsequently, we examined the internal consistency of the PCL-5 Arabic and German versions and broaden current investigations on structural validity as conducted via confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) by multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) across both language versions. Results: The present findings show that the Arabic-speaking subsample reported more man-made trauma, which was associated with higher PCL-5 sum scores compared to the German-speaking subsample. The PCL-5 showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .96). CFA indicated good model fit for all models tested, favouring the Anhedonia and Hybrid models. While MGCFA confirmed configural, threshold, and metric invariance, the scalar invariance could not be established. Conclusions: The present study supports previous research indicating that the factorial structure of the PCL-5 is consistent across both language versions in the CFA. Nevertheless, our findings show a lack of scalar invariance in the MGCFA, which suggests potential bias in the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparability of the PCL-5 sum scores between the Arabic and the German versions. This highlights the need for context-, language-, and culture-sensitive diagnostics to ensure accurate PTSD assessments. |
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| ISSN: | 2000-8066 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/20008066.2025.2565898 |