Linking habitat preferences and fitness across scales for a relict bird species of the southern Andes.
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| Titel: | Linking habitat preferences and fitness across scales for a relict bird species of the southern Andes. |
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| Autoren: | Altamirano TA; Austral Mountain Conservation and Research (CIMA) Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile. toaltamirano@uc.cl.; Fundación Mar Adentro, Pucón, Chile. toaltamirano@uc.cl.; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. toaltamirano@uc.cl.; Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. toaltamirano@uc.cl., Novoa FJ; Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile.; Center for Local Development (CEDEL), ECOS (Ecosystem - Complexity - Society) Co-Laboratory, Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile., Bernath ZV; Center for Local Development (CEDEL), ECOS (Ecosystem - Complexity - Society) Co-Laboratory, Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile., Vermehren A; Center for Local Development (CEDEL), ECOS (Ecosystem - Complexity - Society) Co-Laboratory, Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile., Martin K; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Jara R; Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile.; Center for Local Development (CEDEL), ECOS (Ecosystem - Complexity - Society) Co-Laboratory, Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile., Price ER; Green Godwit Consulting LLC, Cleveland, OH, 44120, USA., Rozzi R; Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile.; Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA., Ibarra JT; Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile.; Center for Local Development (CEDEL), ECOS (Ecosystem - Complexity - Society) Co-Laboratory, Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile.; Department of Ecosystems and the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Systems, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. |
| Quelle: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2025 Oct 06; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 34667. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 06. |
| Publikationsart: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | English |
| Info zur Zeitschrift: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| MeSH-Schlagworte: | Ecosystem* , Nesting Behavior*/physiology , Birds*/physiology , Genetic Fitness* , Passeriformes*/physiology, Animals ; Chile ; Forests |
| Abstract: | Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Animals select their habitats from available resources in a way that should maximize fitness, and thus habitat preferences are generally predicted to be adaptive. However, there may be a mismatch between habitat preferences and fitness due to factors such as limited availability or disturbance of nesting habitats. In this study, we examine whether preferred nesting habitat attributes are linked to fitness (nest survival and number of fledglings) of the White-throated Treerunner (Pygarrhichas albogularis), an obligate excavator and tree cavity nester, across four spatial scales: (1) cavity -for fitness influence only-, (2) nest-tree, (3) forest-stand, and (4) landscape. During eight breeding seasons (October to February), between 2010 and 2018, we found and monitored 65 Treerunner nests in Andean temperate forests, Chile. We obtained four main results. First, we found a multiscale response for both habitat preferences and fitness: variables at both nest-tree and landscape scales were the most influential for nesting habitat preferences, while variables at both cavity and nest-tree scales were the most influential for fitness. Second, the probability that a given habitat is used for nesting increased with larger trees, advanced tree decay classes, and forest cover. Third, nest survival was positively related with cavity entrance diameter, height, and distance from the forest edge. Fourth, the number of fledglings increased with south-oriented cavities and decay class, excepting for old dead trees where the breeding outcomes decreased. Combined, our results suggest a general match between habitat preferences and fitness, with a mismatch occurring with trees in advanced decay. The fact that the match occurs in areas with live unhealthy trees and recently dead trees, and a high forest cover, highlight the importance of (a) old-growth forests, as they comprise the best integration of multiscale habitat attributes for this species, and (b) maintaining the continuity of forest cover together with both live unhealthy and recently dead trees in managed and/or second-growth forests. (© 2025. The Author(s).) |
| References: | Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 30;7(1):4467. (PMID: 28667282) Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Jun 22;273(1593):1449-54. (PMID: 16777736) Ecol Appl. 2012 Sep;22(6):1733-42. (PMID: 23092011) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Jul 27;365(1550):2255-65. (PMID: 20566502) PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44346. (PMID: 23028525) Nature. 2000 Feb 24;403(6772):853-8. (PMID: 10706275) Oecologia. 1998 Jun;115(1-2):127-136. (PMID: 28308443) Naturwissenschaften. 2014 Oct;101(10):855-9. (PMID: 25113741) |
| Grant Information: | 11230504 Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; 11160932 Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; 09-083-08 Fondo de Protección Ambiental; 09-083-08 Fondo de Protección Ambiental; FB0002 Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; FONDAP/15110006 Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; 14397-2 Rufford Foundation |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251006 Date Completed: 20251006 Latest Revision: 20251009 |
| Update Code: | 20251009 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12501267 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-025-93594-1 |
| PMID: | 41053157 |
| Datenbank: | MEDLINE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.<br />Animals select their habitats from available resources in a way that should maximize fitness, and thus habitat preferences are generally predicted to be adaptive. However, there may be a mismatch between habitat preferences and fitness due to factors such as limited availability or disturbance of nesting habitats. In this study, we examine whether preferred nesting habitat attributes are linked to fitness (nest survival and number of fledglings) of the White-throated Treerunner (Pygarrhichas albogularis), an obligate excavator and tree cavity nester, across four spatial scales: (1) cavity -for fitness influence only-, (2) nest-tree, (3) forest-stand, and (4) landscape. During eight breeding seasons (October to February), between 2010 and 2018, we found and monitored 65 Treerunner nests in Andean temperate forests, Chile. We obtained four main results. First, we found a multiscale response for both habitat preferences and fitness: variables at both nest-tree and landscape scales were the most influential for nesting habitat preferences, while variables at both cavity and nest-tree scales were the most influential for fitness. Second, the probability that a given habitat is used for nesting increased with larger trees, advanced tree decay classes, and forest cover. Third, nest survival was positively related with cavity entrance diameter, height, and distance from the forest edge. Fourth, the number of fledglings increased with south-oriented cavities and decay class, excepting for old dead trees where the breeding outcomes decreased. Combined, our results suggest a general match between habitat preferences and fitness, with a mismatch occurring with trees in advanced decay. The fact that the match occurs in areas with live unhealthy trees and recently dead trees, and a high forest cover, highlight the importance of (a) old-growth forests, as they comprise the best integration of multiscale habitat attributes for this species, and (b) maintaining the continuity of forest cover together with both live unhealthy and recently dead trees in managed and/or second-growth forests.<br /> (© 2025. The Author(s).) |
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| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-025-93594-1 |