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From categories to traits: assessing personality dysfunction in ICD-11 and the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders.

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Title: From categories to traits: assessing personality dysfunction in ICD-11 and the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders.
Authors: Bornstein RF; Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA.
Source: Current opinion in psychiatry [Curr Opin Psychiatry] 2026 Jan 01; Vol. 39 (1), pp. 58-66. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 20.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809880 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-6578 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09517367 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: : Philadelphia Pa : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Original Publication: Philadelphia, PA, USA : Gower Academic Journals, c1988-
MeSH Terms: Personality Disorders*/diagnosis , Personality Disorders*/classification , Personality Disorders*/psychology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* , International Classification of Diseases*, Humans ; Models, Psychological
Abstract: Purpose of Review: A paradigm shift in the assessment of personality pathology is underway, as diagnosticians move beyond traditional personality disorder categories and assess personality dysfunction using contemporary dimensional frameworks. This article describes the assessment of personality pathology in ICD-11 and the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD).
Recent Findings: Recent findings in this area can be grouped into three domains: reliability, factor structure, and temporal stability of ICD-11 and AMPD constructs, convergence of personality pathology ratings with external indices of psychopathology and adjustment, and clinical utility (e.g., usefulness in rendering clinical decisions, prediction of treatment outcome).
Summary: Research in this area confirms that level of personality functioning and the presence of one or more pathological personality traits predict an array of clinical outcomes, including symptom disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression), suicide risk, and psychotherapy effectiveness. Findings support the cross-cultural generalizability of these patterns, and the clinical utility of assessing personality functioning and traits in adolescents and adults.
(Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: ICD-11; alternative model for personality disorders; personality disorder; personality trait
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250916 Date Completed: 20251204 Latest Revision: 20251204
Update Code: 20251204
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000001040
PMID: 40956323
Database: MEDLINE
Description
Abstract:Purpose of Review: A paradigm shift in the assessment of personality pathology is underway, as diagnosticians move beyond traditional personality disorder categories and assess personality dysfunction using contemporary dimensional frameworks. This article describes the assessment of personality pathology in ICD-11 and the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD).<br />Recent Findings: Recent findings in this area can be grouped into three domains: reliability, factor structure, and temporal stability of ICD-11 and AMPD constructs, convergence of personality pathology ratings with external indices of psychopathology and adjustment, and clinical utility (e.g., usefulness in rendering clinical decisions, prediction of treatment outcome).<br />Summary: Research in this area confirms that level of personality functioning and the presence of one or more pathological personality traits predict an array of clinical outcomes, including symptom disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression), suicide risk, and psychotherapy effectiveness. Findings support the cross-cultural generalizability of these patterns, and the clinical utility of assessing personality functioning and traits in adolescents and adults.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
ISSN:1473-6578
DOI:10.1097/YCO.0000000000001040