Endocrine circuitry in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of mechanistic insights and clinical implications.
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| Titel: | Endocrine circuitry in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of mechanistic insights and clinical implications. |
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| Autoren: | Angelopoulou M; Department of Occupational Therapy, University of West Attica, 12243, Egaleo, Athens, Greece., Siaperas P; Department of Occupational Therapy, University of West Attica, 12243, Egaleo, Athens, Greece; Section of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK., Livadas S; Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece., Karantana E; Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrine Clinics, Athens, Greece., Papadimitriou DT; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece., Angelopoulos N; Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece; Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: drangelnick@gmail.com. |
| Quelle: | Neuroscience [Neuroscience] 2025 Oct 15; Vol. 585, pp. 351-366. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 09. |
| Publikationsart: | Journal Article; Systematic Review; Review |
| Sprache: | English |
| Info zur Zeitschrift: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7605074 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7544 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03064522 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuroscience Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: [New York?] : Elsevier Science Original Publication: Oxford, Elmsford, N. Y., Pergamon Press |
| MeSH-Schlagworte: | Autism Spectrum Disorder*/physiopathology , Autism Spectrum Disorder*/metabolism , Endocrine System*/physiopathology , Endocrine System*/metabolism , Endocrine System Diseases*/metabolism , Endocrine System Diseases*/physiopathology, Humans ; Animals ; Endocrine Disruptors |
| Abstract: | Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The increasing global prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses-largely driven by heightened awareness, evolving diagnostic criteria, and improved detection-has intensified efforts to elucidate its complex neurobiological underpinnings, although the true change in occurrence remains uncertain. While much attention has been paid to genetic and neurodevelopmental factors, emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of the endocrine system in modulating social, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes associated with ASD. To systematically review the existing literature on endocrine dysfunction and hormonal signaling pathways implicated in ASD, with the aim of identifying common mechanistic links and evaluating their clinical relevance.A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 1980 and 2024. The review included 183 human studies evaluating associations between ASD and hormonal alterations, encompassing thyroid function, HPA axis dysregulation, growth hormone signaling, sex hormones, obesity, melatonin, oxytocin, vitamin D status, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Alterations in multiple endocrine axes were consistently associated with ASD, including prenatal thyroid imbalances, cortisol rhythm dysregulation, aberrant IGF-1 levels, elevated fetal steroidogenic activity, and impaired oxytocin signaling. Endocrine disruptors such as phthalates and pesticides were also linked to increased ASD risk in susceptible populations. Endocrine dysfunctions are frequently associated with ASD, with multiple hormonal axes potentially influencing its pathophysiology, although causality remains unconfirmed. Understanding hormonal influences across developmental stages could inform early detection strategies and novel therapeutic approaches. (Copyright © 2025 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Adrenal gland; Autism; Endocrine disruptors; Endocrine system; Hormones; Pituitary gland |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Endocrine Disruptors) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250911 Date Completed: 20250926 Latest Revision: 20250929 |
| Update Code: | 20250929 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.009 |
| PMID: | 40935239 |
| Datenbank: | MEDLINE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br />The increasing global prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses-largely driven by heightened awareness, evolving diagnostic criteria, and improved detection-has intensified efforts to elucidate its complex neurobiological underpinnings, although the true change in occurrence remains uncertain. While much attention has been paid to genetic and neurodevelopmental factors, emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of the endocrine system in modulating social, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes associated with ASD. To systematically review the existing literature on endocrine dysfunction and hormonal signaling pathways implicated in ASD, with the aim of identifying common mechanistic links and evaluating their clinical relevance.A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 1980 and 2024. The review included 183 human studies evaluating associations between ASD and hormonal alterations, encompassing thyroid function, HPA axis dysregulation, growth hormone signaling, sex hormones, obesity, melatonin, oxytocin, vitamin D status, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Alterations in multiple endocrine axes were consistently associated with ASD, including prenatal thyroid imbalances, cortisol rhythm dysregulation, aberrant IGF-1 levels, elevated fetal steroidogenic activity, and impaired oxytocin signaling. Endocrine disruptors such as phthalates and pesticides were also linked to increased ASD risk in susceptible populations. Endocrine dysfunctions are frequently associated with ASD, with multiple hormonal axes potentially influencing its pathophysiology, although causality remains unconfirmed. Understanding hormonal influences across developmental stages could inform early detection strategies and novel therapeutic approaches.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
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| ISSN: | 1873-7544 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.009 |