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Inter-limb asymmetries in professional male basketball and volleyball players: bilateral vs. unilateral jump comparison.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Inter-limb asymmetries in professional male basketball and volleyball players: bilateral vs. unilateral jump comparison.
Authors: Cabarkapa D; Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory - Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.; D2 Lab, Novi Sad, Serbia., Cabarkapa DV; D2 Lab, Novi Sad, Serbia.; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia., Fry AC; Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory - Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Source: International biomechanics [Int Biomech] 2025 Dec; Vol. 12 (1), pp. 28-34. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 03.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Comparative Study
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101759159 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2333-5432 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23335432 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Biomech Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis, [2014]-
MeSH Terms: Volleyball*/physiology , Basketball*/physiology , Athletic Performance*/physiology , Leg*/physiology, Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Athletes ; Movement/physiology
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in inter-limb asymmetries between countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) and single-leg jump (SLJ) performed on an innovative portable force plate system. Seventy professional athletes competing in top-tier international leagues (e.g. NBA, Super League) participated in this investigation. Following the completion of a standardized warm-up, athletes stepped on a uni-axial dual-force plate system and performed three CMJs and six SLJs without an arm swing in randomized order. Peak takeoff and landing forces were recorded for each limb, from which asymmetry percentages were derived. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to make statistical comparisons ( p  < 0.05). Significant differences were found in all asymmetry-related metrics, overall (CMJ vs. SLJ; takeoff: 7.2 vs. 1.0%; landing: 3.3 vs. 6.8%) and within each sport. Peak takeoff force asymmetry was considerably greater in CMJ than in SLJ, while peak landing force asymmetry displayed a reverse trend, with notably greater inter-limb asymmetries being detected within SLJ than CMJ. While both tests can offer useful information to sports practitioners, these results suggest that CMJ and SLJ should not be used interchangeably but rather in conjunction with one another to obtain a better insight into athletes' performance capabilities and inter-limb asymmetry magnitudes.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: ACL; basketball; biomechanics; injury; rehabilitation; sports; strength; volleyball
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250903 Date Completed: 20250903 Latest Revision: 20250906
Update Code: 20250906
PubMed Central ID: PMC12409869
DOI: 10.1080/23335432.2025.2554589
PMID: 40902029
Database: MEDLINE
Description
Abstract:The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in inter-limb asymmetries between countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) and single-leg jump (SLJ) performed on an innovative portable force plate system. Seventy professional athletes competing in top-tier international leagues (e.g. NBA, Super League) participated in this investigation. Following the completion of a standardized warm-up, athletes stepped on a uni-axial dual-force plate system and performed three CMJs and six SLJs without an arm swing in randomized order. Peak takeoff and landing forces were recorded for each limb, from which asymmetry percentages were derived. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to make statistical comparisons ( p  &lt; 0.05). Significant differences were found in all asymmetry-related metrics, overall (CMJ vs. SLJ; takeoff: 7.2 vs. 1.0%; landing: 3.3 vs. 6.8%) and within each sport. Peak takeoff force asymmetry was considerably greater in CMJ than in SLJ, while peak landing force asymmetry displayed a reverse trend, with notably greater inter-limb asymmetries being detected within SLJ than CMJ. While both tests can offer useful information to sports practitioners, these results suggest that CMJ and SLJ should not be used interchangeably but rather in conjunction with one another to obtain a better insight into athletes' performance capabilities and inter-limb asymmetry magnitudes.
ISSN:2333-5432
DOI:10.1080/23335432.2025.2554589