Predator activity, proactive anti-predator strategies and nesting phenology produce a dynamic landscape of risk to tundra goose reproduction.
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| Název: | Predator activity, proactive anti-predator strategies and nesting phenology produce a dynamic landscape of risk to tundra goose reproduction. |
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| Autoři: | Johnson-Bice SM; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Warret Rodrigues C; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Gamblin HEL; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Baldwin FB; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Roth JD; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of animal ecology [J Anim Ecol] 2025 Nov; Vol. 94 (11), pp. 2282-2294. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 01. |
| Způsob vydávání: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Informace o časopise: | Publisher: Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0376574 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2656 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00218790 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Anim Ecol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Oxford : Blackwell Original Publication: Oxford, British Ecological Society. |
| Výrazy ze slovníku MeSH: | Foxes*/physiology , Nesting Behavior* , Geese*/physiology , Reproduction* , Predatory Behavior*, Animals ; Ecosystem ; Tundra ; Food Chain |
| Abstrakt: | Birds generally rely on proactive anti-predator strategies when selecting nest sites, as they have limited options to adapt to changing levels of risk once incubation begins. Arctic waterfowl often nest colonially as an anti-predator strategy, but dispersed-breeding species may use other proactive strategies, such as nesting in areas perceived to be safer. However, empirical links between spatial patterns of predation risk and nest habitat selection or success are needed to better understand how predator activity shapes Arctic waterfowl reproduction. Using activity data from the main cursorial nest predators, Arctic and red foxes (Vulpes lagopus, Vulpes vulpes), and aerial predators, we evaluate the influence predator activity has on Canada goose (Branta canadensis interior) nest habitat selection and success, and how nesting phenology mediates these effects. We compared habitat selection models fit to (i) goose nest locations and (ii) fox locations obtained from GPS collars and found that geese and foxes displayed nearly opposite patterns of selection for the same landscape traits. Geese selected sites that minimized their probability of encountering foxes while also maximizing their ability to detect foxes. Spatial predictions of fox activity revealed nests located in areas with higher probability of fox use had lower nest success, indicating fox space-use patterns reflect predation risk. Landscape heterogeneity influenced both fox and goose nest habitat selection patterns and, consequently, spatial variation in predation risk and reproductive success. Aerial predators appeared to have a lesser effect on spatial patterns of goose nest habitat selection and success. Spatial patterns of nest success were, however, strongly influenced by nesting phenology. Nests initiated earlier had a greater probability of successfully hatching, but these patterns depended on location; the benefits of nesting early decreased in areas of high fox activity. Our study demonstrates the mechanisms by which nesting phenology, predator activity and landscape heterogeneity interact to shape bird reproduction and provides an empirical demonstration of how our understanding of predation risk is enhanced by integrating both spatial and temporal dynamics. (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.) |
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| Grant Information: | University of Manitoba; National Geographic Society; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Natural Resources Canada |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Arctic fox; Canada goose; anti‐predator behaviour; landscape of fear; movement ecology; nest success; predation risk; predator–prey interactions Local Abstract: [Publisher, French] Les oiseaux adoptent généralement des stratégies proactives de lutte contre les prédateurs lors du choix de leurs sites de nidification, car ils disposent de peu d'options pour s'adapter à l'évolution du risque une fois l'incubation commencée. Les ansériformes arctiques nichent souvent en colonies, une stratégie anti‐prédateurs bien connue, mais les espèces à reproduction dispersée peuvent s'appuyer sur d'autres approches proactives, comme la sélection de zones perçues comme plus sûres. Des liens empiriques entre les schémas spatiaux de risque de prédation, la sélection de l'habitat de nidification et le succès reproducteur sont toutefois nécessaires pour mieux comprendre comment l'activité des prédateurs influence la reproduction des ansériformes arctiques. En nous appuyant sur les données d'activité des principaux prédateurs terrestres, les renards arctiques et les renards roux (Vulpes lagopus, Vulpes vulpes), ainsi que des prédateurs aériens, nous avons évalué l'influence de cette activité sur la sélection et le succès des sites de nidification chez la bernache du Canada (Branta canadensis interior), en tenant compte du rôle modulateur de la phénologie de la nidification. Nous avons ajusté des modèles de sélection de l'habitat pour (i) les emplacements des nids d'oies et (ii) les emplacements des renards obtenus à partir des colliers GPS. Nos résultats révèlent des schémas de sélection presque opposés entre oies et renards pour les mêmes caractéristiques du paysage. Les oies choisissent des sites qui minimisent la probabilité de rencontre avec les renards tout en maximisant leur capacité à les détecter. Les prédictions spatiales de l'activité des renards indiquent que les nids situés dans les zones les plus fréquemment utilisées par les renards ont un plus faible succès d'éclosion, ce qui suggère que l'utilisation de l'espace par les renards reflète le risque de prédation. L'hétérogénéité du paysage influençait la sélection de l'habitat aussi bien chez les renards que chez les oies, et structurait ainsi la variation spatiale du risque de prédation et du succès reproducteur. En revanche, les prédateurs aériens semblaient exercer un effet plus limité sur ces schémas. La phénologie de la nidification exerce un effet fort sur le succès des nids, avec un taux d'éclosion plus élevé pour les nids établis plus tôt. Toutefois, cet avantage varie spatialement: dans les zones à forte activité de renards, les bénéfices d'une nidification précoce sont réduits. Notre étude met en lumière les mécanismes par lesquels la phénologie de la nidification, l'activité des prédateurs et l'hétérogénéité du paysage interagissent pour façonner le succès reproducteur des oiseaux, et offre une démonstration empirique de l'intérêt d'intégrer les dynamiques spatiales et temporelles pour améliorer notre compréhension du risque de prédation. |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250901 Date Completed: 20251105 Latest Revision: 20251107 |
| Update Code: | 20251107 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12586783 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/1365-2656.70128 |
| PMID: | 40887958 |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | Birds generally rely on proactive anti-predator strategies when selecting nest sites, as they have limited options to adapt to changing levels of risk once incubation begins. Arctic waterfowl often nest colonially as an anti-predator strategy, but dispersed-breeding species may use other proactive strategies, such as nesting in areas perceived to be safer. However, empirical links between spatial patterns of predation risk and nest habitat selection or success are needed to better understand how predator activity shapes Arctic waterfowl reproduction. Using activity data from the main cursorial nest predators, Arctic and red foxes (Vulpes lagopus, Vulpes vulpes), and aerial predators, we evaluate the influence predator activity has on Canada goose (Branta canadensis interior) nest habitat selection and success, and how nesting phenology mediates these effects. We compared habitat selection models fit to (i) goose nest locations and (ii) fox locations obtained from GPS collars and found that geese and foxes displayed nearly opposite patterns of selection for the same landscape traits. Geese selected sites that minimized their probability of encountering foxes while also maximizing their ability to detect foxes. Spatial predictions of fox activity revealed nests located in areas with higher probability of fox use had lower nest success, indicating fox space-use patterns reflect predation risk. Landscape heterogeneity influenced both fox and goose nest habitat selection patterns and, consequently, spatial variation in predation risk and reproductive success. Aerial predators appeared to have a lesser effect on spatial patterns of goose nest habitat selection and success. Spatial patterns of nest success were, however, strongly influenced by nesting phenology. Nests initiated earlier had a greater probability of successfully hatching, but these patterns depended on location; the benefits of nesting early decreased in areas of high fox activity. Our study demonstrates the mechanisms by which nesting phenology, predator activity and landscape heterogeneity interact to shape bird reproduction and provides an empirical demonstration of how our understanding of predation risk is enhanced by integrating both spatial and temporal dynamics.<br /> (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.) |
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| ISSN: | 1365-2656 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/1365-2656.70128 |