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The mortality burden attributable to PM 2.5 and NO 2 from all sources and traffic-related air pollution in Australia.

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Název: The mortality burden attributable to PM 2.5 and NO 2 from all sources and traffic-related air pollution in Australia.
Autoři: Borchers-Arriagada N; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Safe Air, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address: nicolas.borchers@utas.edu.au., Chaston TB; HEAL Global Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Centre for Safe Air, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL), National Research Network, Australia., Morgan GG; Sydney School of Public Health, University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Safe Air, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL), National Research Network, Australia., Knibbs LD; Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Safe Air, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL), National Research Network, Australia., Johnston FH; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Safe Air, NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL), National Research Network, Australia.
Zdroj: Environmental research [Environ Res] 2025 Nov 15; Vol. 285 (Pt 4), pp. 122519. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 11.
Způsob vydávání: Journal Article
Jazyk: English
Informace o časopise: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0147621 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0953 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00139351 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2000- > : Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: New York, Academic Press.
Výrazy ze slovníku MeSH: Particulate Matter*/analysis , Particulate Matter*/toxicity , Nitrogen Dioxide*/analysis , Nitrogen Dioxide*/toxicity , Air Pollutants*/analysis , Air Pollutants*/toxicity , Traffic-Related Pollution*/adverse effects , Vehicle Emissions*/analysis , Air Pollution*/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure* , Mortality*, Australia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged
Abstrakt: Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Background: Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) are associated with multiple health risks, including death. In Australia, the mortality burden attributable to PM 2.5 has been estimated, but there are no published estimates for NO 2 or the combined impacts of both pollutants.
Objectives: To estimate the mortality burden attributable to PM 2.5 and NO 2 from all anthropogenic sources and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in Australia.
Methods: We used previously published predictions for all source PM 2.5 and NO 2 and chemical transport model outputs to estimate TRAP-related concentrations. We estimated the attributable number of deaths by applying a life tables approach. We used publicly available population and mortality data together with effect estimates obtained from global meta-analyses, and incorporated recent recommendations for including single- and two-pollutant effect estimates into health impact assessment methods for air pollution. We did a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the influence of different modelling approaches and choices on our results.
Results: In 2015, an estimated 3684 (95 % CI, 3051-4350) premature deaths were attributable to air pollution from all sources, with 51 % (95 % CI, 19 %-86 %) linked to TRAP. Using mutually adjusted coefficients from two pollutant models and summing results did not appreciably change estimates derived from a single pollutant marker. Our results support PM 2.5 as a reliable marker for mortality impacts from diverse emission sources, and NO 2 as a robust marker for TRAP-related mortality in Australia. Sensitivity analyses including exposures below low-threshold cutoffs, using estimates for low pollution settings, and using location-specific threshold cutoffs for NO 2 , yielded higher mortality estimates. This suggests our results may be conservative.
Conclusions: Air pollution remains a significant contributor to mortality in Australia. Reducing exposure, particularly from TRAP, could yield substantial public health benefits. Policies promoting cleaner transport modes offer a promising avenue for rapid improvement.
(Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Fine particulate matter; Health burden; Mortality; Nitrogen dioxide; Traffic emissions; Years of life lost
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Particulate Matter)
S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide)
0 (Air Pollutants)
0 (Vehicle Emissions)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250813 Date Completed: 20251016 Latest Revision: 20251016
Update Code: 20251017
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122519
PMID: 40803401
Databáze: MEDLINE
Popis
Abstrakt:Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br />Background: Fine particulate matter (PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO <subscript>2</subscript> ) are associated with multiple health risks, including death. In Australia, the mortality burden attributable to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> has been estimated, but there are no published estimates for NO <subscript>2</subscript> or the combined impacts of both pollutants.<br />Objectives: To estimate the mortality burden attributable to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> and NO <subscript>2</subscript> from all anthropogenic sources and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in Australia.<br />Methods: We used previously published predictions for all source PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> and NO <subscript>2</subscript> and chemical transport model outputs to estimate TRAP-related concentrations. We estimated the attributable number of deaths by applying a life tables approach. We used publicly available population and mortality data together with effect estimates obtained from global meta-analyses, and incorporated recent recommendations for including single- and two-pollutant effect estimates into health impact assessment methods for air pollution. We did a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the influence of different modelling approaches and choices on our results.<br />Results: In 2015, an estimated 3684 (95 % CI, 3051-4350) premature deaths were attributable to air pollution from all sources, with 51 % (95 % CI, 19 %-86 %) linked to TRAP. Using mutually adjusted coefficients from two pollutant models and summing results did not appreciably change estimates derived from a single pollutant marker. Our results support PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> as a reliable marker for mortality impacts from diverse emission sources, and NO <subscript>2</subscript> as a robust marker for TRAP-related mortality in Australia. Sensitivity analyses including exposures below low-threshold cutoffs, using estimates for low pollution settings, and using location-specific threshold cutoffs for NO <subscript>2</subscript> , yielded higher mortality estimates. This suggests our results may be conservative.<br />Conclusions: Air pollution remains a significant contributor to mortality in Australia. Reducing exposure, particularly from TRAP, could yield substantial public health benefits. Policies promoting cleaner transport modes offer a promising avenue for rapid improvement.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
ISSN:1096-0953
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2025.122519