Academic Surgeon Financial Compensation in the US: Trends from 2017 to 2023.
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| Názov: | Academic Surgeon Financial Compensation in the US: Trends from 2017 to 2023. |
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| Autori: | Flores-Pérez PS; From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery (Flores-Pérez, Rancu, Febre, Alperovich), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT., Futela D; Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Futela, Malhotra), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT., Rancu AL; From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery (Flores-Pérez, Rancu, Febre, Alperovich), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT., Febre D; From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery (Flores-Pérez, Rancu, Febre, Alperovich), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT., Alperovich M; From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery (Flores-Pérez, Rancu, Febre, Alperovich), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT., Malhotra A; Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (Futela, Malhotra), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the American College of Surgeons [J Am Coll Surg] 2025 Nov 01; Vol. 241 (5), pp. 864-872. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 15. |
| Spôsob vydávania: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Informácie o časopise: | Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9431305 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1190 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10727515 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Coll Surg Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2022- : [Baltimore, MD] : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Original Publication: Chicago, Ill. : The College, c1994- |
| Výrazy zo slovníka MeSH: | Salaries and Fringe Benefits*/trends , Salaries and Fringe Benefits*/statistics & numerical data , Faculty, Medical*/economics , Faculty, Medical*/statistics & numerical data , Surgeons*/economics, Humans ; Female ; Male ; United States ; Surveys and Questionnaires |
| Abstrakt: | Background: Academic surgeons play a dual role in healthcare by providing patient care and spearheading research and trainees education, but nonsurgical responsibilities are frequently uncompensated and undervalued. For faculty underrepresented in medicine, these issues can be compounded by additional expected mentorship and advocacy roles. Comprehensive analyses of academic surgeon compensation trends remain scarce; this study evaluated recent trends in academic surgeon compensation stratified by rank, sex, race and ethnicity, and subspecialty. Study Design: Total annual compensation from 2017 to 2023 for full-time surgery department faculty was collected from the Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Salary Survey and analyzed according to rank, sex, and race and ethnicity identifiers and across 11 surgical subspecialties. Average salaries, wage gaps, and changes across time were assessed. Results: The Faculty Salary Survey data for 2023 included 12,443 faculty in academic surgery departments. The average salary for surgery faculty weighed by rank had a 2.9% compounded growth rate from 2017 to 2023, with division chiefs having the greatest compound growth rate and associate professors having the lowest. After adjusting for rank, women consistently earned less than men. In 2023, Black faculty earned less than White faculty, and Asian women faculty members experienced the largest wage gap compared with White male faculty. Conclusions: This study summarized trends in academic surgeon compensation. It highlighted the need for further research that identifies the root causes of disparity and informs interventions that address it, promoting the recruitment and retention of a skilled, diverse academic surgeon workforce. (Copyright © 2025 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| References: | Evans DB, Mayer JB. Surgeon compensation in academic medicine. Surgery. 2024;175:1611–1618. GlobalData Pl c. The Complexities of Physician Supply and Demand: Projections from 2021 to 2036. Washington, DC: AAMC; 2024. ACS. Physician workforce data suggest epochal change. Available at: https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/news-publications/news-and-articles/bulletin/2024/april-2024-volume-109-issue-4/physician-workforce-data-suggest-epochal-change/ . Accessed September 30, 2024. Malhotra A, Futela D, Joshi R, et al. Academic radiology physician financial compensation in the United States: trends and distribution. Radiology. 2024;313:e241057. Malhotra A, Futela D, Khunte M, et al. Salary equity in academic medicine physicians. Am J Med Sci. 2024;368:167–169. Omoruyi EA, Brown CL, Orr CJ, Montez K. Examining full-time academic general pediatric faculty compensation by gender, race, and ethnicity: 2020–2021. Acad Pediatr. 2024;24:309–317. Malhotra A, Futela D, Khunte M, et al. Intersectionality and faculty compensation in academic radiology in U.S. Acad Radiol. 2024;31:5228–5231. Rodríguez JE, Campbell KM, Pololi LH. Addressing disparities in academic medicine: what of the minority tax? BMC Med Educ. 2015;15:6. Lee BA, Martin MJR, Matthews SA, Farrell CR. State-level changes in US racial and ethnic diversity, 1980 to 2015: a universal trend? Demogr Res. 2017;37:1031–1048. AAMC. Understanding & addressing faculty salary equity. Available at: https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/faculty-salary-equity . Accessed October 7, 2024. AAMC. Is your salary equitable? A guide for individual faculty GWIMS Toolkit. Available at: https://www.aamc.org/media/38746/download?attachment . Accessed May 5, 2025. AAMC. Understanding & addressing faculty salary equity. Available at: https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/faculty-salary-equity . Accessed May 5, 2025. Inflation Calculator. $10 in 2017 → 2023. Available at: https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/2017?amount=10 . Accessed September 25, 2024. Stoffel V, Camacho JM, Heeb C, et al. Unveiling the hidden discrepancies between Medicare physician reimbursement rates and inflation across different surgical specialties. Ann Plast Surg. 2024;92:S340–S344. Sibia US, Millen JC, Klune JR, et al. Analysis of 10-year trends in Medicare Physician Fee Schedule payments in surgery. Surgery. 2024;175:920–926. Sickels AD, McElroy K, Robinson J, et al. Diminishing returns: an analysis of surgeon compensation in the setting of ever-increasing student debt. J Am Coll Surg. 2025;241:262–266. Baimas-George M, Fleischer B, Korndorffer JR, et al. The economics of private practice versus academia in surgery. J Surg Educ. 2018;75:1276–1280. MedicalEconomics. The tradeoffs between academic and private practice. 2010. Available at: https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/the-tradeoffs-between-academic-and-private-practice . Accessed September 30, 2024. 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Contract negotiation skills: a workshop for women in medicine. MedEdPORTAL. 2020;16:10910. Enofe N, Tompkins A, Cooke DT, et al. A report of salaries of academic cardiothoracic surgeons based on race and ethnicity. Ann Thorac Surg. 2024;118:569–578. Economic Policy Institute. Understanding Black–White disparities in labor market outcomes requires models that account for persistent discrimination and unequal bargaining power. Available at: https://www.epi.org/unequalpower/publications/understanding-black-white-disparities-in-labor-market-outcomes/ . Accessed October 9, 2024. Slama EM, Arjani S, Sulciner ML, et al. The gender gap in surgeon salaries—striving to achieve pay equity. Am J Surg. 2023;225:436–438. Economic Policy Institute. What is the gender pay gap and is it real?: the complete guide to how women are paid less than men and why it can’t be explained away. Available at: https://www.epi.org/publication/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real/ . Accessed September 17, 2024. 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| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250610 Date Completed: 20251027 Latest Revision: 20251027 |
| Update Code: | 20251028 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/XCS.0000000000001481 |
| PMID: | 40492641 |
| Databáza: | MEDLINE |
Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstrakt: | Background: Academic surgeons play a dual role in healthcare by providing patient care and spearheading research and trainees education, but nonsurgical responsibilities are frequently uncompensated and undervalued. For faculty underrepresented in medicine, these issues can be compounded by additional expected mentorship and advocacy roles. Comprehensive analyses of academic surgeon compensation trends remain scarce; this study evaluated recent trends in academic surgeon compensation stratified by rank, sex, race and ethnicity, and subspecialty.<br />Study Design: Total annual compensation from 2017 to 2023 for full-time surgery department faculty was collected from the Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Salary Survey and analyzed according to rank, sex, and race and ethnicity identifiers and across 11 surgical subspecialties. Average salaries, wage gaps, and changes across time were assessed.<br />Results: The Faculty Salary Survey data for 2023 included 12,443 faculty in academic surgery departments. The average salary for surgery faculty weighed by rank had a 2.9% compounded growth rate from 2017 to 2023, with division chiefs having the greatest compound growth rate and associate professors having the lowest. After adjusting for rank, women consistently earned less than men. In 2023, Black faculty earned less than White faculty, and Asian women faculty members experienced the largest wage gap compared with White male faculty.<br />Conclusions: This study summarized trends in academic surgeon compensation. It highlighted the need for further research that identifies the root causes of disparity and informs interventions that address it, promoting the recruitment and retention of a skilled, diverse academic surgeon workforce.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.) |
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| ISSN: | 1879-1190 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/XCS.0000000000001481 |