Risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases among government employees in Nepal: insights from a cross-sectional study.
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| Titel: | Risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases among government employees in Nepal: insights from a cross-sectional study. |
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| Autoren: | Chapagain DD; Global Health Security, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Ministry of Health, Hetauda, Bagamati Province, Nepal., Osei KM; Global Health Security, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Prasiska DI; Global Health Security, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Kimm H; Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Rajaguru V; Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Kang S; Department of Global Health and Disease Control, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Kim TH; Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Lee SG; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Han W; Department of Global Health and Disease Control, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. |
| Quelle: | Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2025 May 09; Vol. 13, pp. 1514807. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 09 (Print Publication: 2025). |
| Publikationsart: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | English |
| Info zur Zeitschrift: | Publisher: Frontiers Editorial Office Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101616579 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2296-2565 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22962565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office |
| MeSH-Schlagworte: | Noncommunicable Diseases*/epidemiology , Government Employees*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Sedentary Behavior ; Prediabetic State/epidemiology |
| Abstract: | Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. Introduction: Sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy work environments and occupational stress increase the risk of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) among government employees, impacting healthcare costs and productivity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension, prediabetes, and diabetes, and identify risk factors among government employees in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 994 government employees. Data on sociodemographic, anthropometric/biochemical measurements, behavioral and clinical factors were collected. Descriptive analysis analyzed the prevalence of NCDs among covariates. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curves assessed the association between NCDs and covariates/risk factors. Significance was set at p < 0.05 and 95% CI. Results: Participants' mean age was 33.1 ± 9.1 years, with 82.1% ( n = 796) male, mostly from aged 30-39 ( n = 397, 41%), and Brahmin/Chhetri ( n = 454, 46.9%). Elders had a 6-times higher risk of hypertension (OR: 6.08, CI: 3.1-11.92), above 7-times higher risk of prediabetes (OR: 7.83, CI: 3.32-18.47), and above 16 times higher risk of diabetes (OR: 16.62, CI: 2.5-106.49) compared to aged 18-29. Smoking increased diabetes-risk (OR: 6.82 CI: 1.95-23.8), while alcohol-consumption increased risk of hypertension (OR: 1.51, CI: 1.02-1.63) and prediabetes (OR: 1.88, CI: 1.08-3.28). Overweight increased hypertension risk (OR: 2.79, CI: 1.90-4.09), while obesity increased both hypertension (OR: 3.04, CI: 1.73-5.34) and prediabetes-risk (OR: 2.43, CI: 1.18-4.99). Conclusion: This study recommends concerned authorities to implement workplace policies for health promotion, intensify awareness campaigns, establish routine screening for government employees, and focus on reducing risk factors and encouraging healthier lifestyles to enhance NCDs prevention. (Copyright © 2025 Chapagain, Osei, Prasiska, Kimm, Rajaguru, Kang, Kim, Lee and Han.) |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Nepal; associated factors; diabetes; government employees; hypertension; non-communicable diseases; prediabetes |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250526 Date Completed: 20250526 Latest Revision: 20250527 |
| Update Code: | 20250527 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12098267 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1514807 |
| PMID: | 40416705 |
| Datenbank: | MEDLINE |
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Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.<br />Introduction: Sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy work environments and occupational stress increase the risk of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) among government employees, impacting healthcare costs and productivity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension, prediabetes, and diabetes, and identify risk factors among government employees in Nepal.<br />Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 994 government employees. Data on sociodemographic, anthropometric/biochemical measurements, behavioral and clinical factors were collected. Descriptive analysis analyzed the prevalence of NCDs among covariates. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curves assessed the association between NCDs and covariates/risk factors. Significance was set at p < 0.05 and 95% CI.<br />Results: Participants' mean age was 33.1 ± 9.1 years, with 82.1% ( n = 796) male, mostly from aged 30-39 ( n = 397, 41%), and Brahmin/Chhetri ( n = 454, 46.9%). Elders had a 6-times higher risk of hypertension (OR: 6.08, CI: 3.1-11.92), above 7-times higher risk of prediabetes (OR: 7.83, CI: 3.32-18.47), and above 16 times higher risk of diabetes (OR: 16.62, CI: 2.5-106.49) compared to aged 18-29. Smoking increased diabetes-risk (OR: 6.82 CI: 1.95-23.8), while alcohol-consumption increased risk of hypertension (OR: 1.51, CI: 1.02-1.63) and prediabetes (OR: 1.88, CI: 1.08-3.28). Overweight increased hypertension risk (OR: 2.79, CI: 1.90-4.09), while obesity increased both hypertension (OR: 3.04, CI: 1.73-5.34) and prediabetes-risk (OR: 2.43, CI: 1.18-4.99).<br />Conclusion: This study recommends concerned authorities to implement workplace policies for health promotion, intensify awareness campaigns, establish routine screening for government employees, and focus on reducing risk factors and encouraging healthier lifestyles to enhance NCDs prevention.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 Chapagain, Osei, Prasiska, Kimm, Rajaguru, Kang, Kim, Lee and Han.) |
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| ISSN: | 2296-2565 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1514807 |