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The RMS-Pictorial Scale: cross-cultural adaptation and validation for Brazilian children and adolescents.

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Název: The RMS-Pictorial Scale: cross-cultural adaptation and validation for Brazilian children and adolescents.
Autoři: Rabelo-Costa D; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil., Paiva ACF; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. anaa_paiva02@hotmail.com., Bittencourt JM; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil., Martins LP; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil., Silva GS; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil., Paiva SM; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil., Bendo CB; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Zdroj: European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry [Eur Arch Paediatr Dent] 2025 Dec; Vol. 26 (6), pp. 1107-1115. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 22.
Způsob vydávání: Journal Article; Validation Study
Jazyk: English
Informace o časopise: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101277157 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1996-9805 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18186300 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Arch Paediatr Dent Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2013- : London : Springer
Original Publication: Leeds, England : European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, [2006]-
Výrazy ze slovníku MeSH: Dental Anxiety*/diagnosis , Dental Anxiety*/psychology , Cross-Cultural Comparison*, Humans ; Child ; Brazil ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Child, Preschool ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Psychometrics
Abstrakt: Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare having no conflicts of interest with regards to the authorship or publication of this paper. Ethical approval: Research involving human participants/informed consent: The protocol for this study received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (certificate number: 40992720.2.0000.5149). The children and their parents/caregivers were informed that participation was completely voluntary. If they decided not to participate, this decision would not have any consequences. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, and restrictions were described in the methodology. All participants received clarifications regarding the objectives of the study and were assured confidentiality of the data collected. Consent to participate: The children and their parents/caregivers were informed that participation was completely voluntary. If they decided not to participate, this decision would not have any consequences. All participants received clarifications regarding the objectives of the study and were assured confidentiality of the data collected. The parents/caregivers agreed to participate by signing a statement of informed consent. The children also agreed to participate by signing a term of assent. Digital information was maintained on a computer protected with a password. No participants were offered incentives or compensation for participation in any way. There is an informed consent for all children used as model for the photography on this study. Consent for publication: The manuscript is not being considered for publication by another journal and has not been previously published. All authors made a significant contribution to the manuscript and agree to publish data from this research.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the RMS-Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) for use with Brazilian children and adolescents.
Methods: The RMS-PS was developed to measure self-perceived dental anxiety in children. The photographs of Brazilian children reproducing the faces of the original scale were taken and discussed by a Committee of Experts. The first step was to produce four versions of the scale (a white girl, a black girl, a white boy, and a black boy) to guarantee the representativeness of the population. The scale was tested in two pre-tests before the definition of the final version of each one. An original form (5 faces) for 7-14-year-old children and adolescents a short form (3 faces) for 4-6-year-old children were developed. Sixty children and adolescents (mean age = 7.67) responded to the RMS-PS, the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Children's Fear Survey Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Statistical analyses included a descriptive analysis, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), the Spearman correlation, and the Mann-Whitney test.
Results: Test-retest reliability showed a good correlation for the children's self-reporting of the B-RMS-PS across the two-week interval (ICC = 0.791; 95% CI 0.673-0.870). Convergent validity was confirmed by the correlation between the B-RMS-PS and the FIS (r = 0.524, p < 0.001). The children with proxy-report dental anxiety had greater B-RMS-PS scores than those without anxiety (p = 0.010) supporting discriminant validity.
Conclusion: The B-RMS-PS showed good psychometric characteristics, being reliable and valid to be used with Brazilian children and adolescents.
(© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry.)
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Adolescent; Child; Dental anxiety; Validation study
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250422 Date Completed: 20251121 Latest Revision: 20251121
Update Code: 20251121
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-025-01044-3
PMID: 40263238
Databáze: MEDLINE
Popis
Abstrakt:Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare having no conflicts of interest with regards to the authorship or publication of this paper. Ethical approval: Research involving human participants/informed consent: The protocol for this study received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (certificate number: 40992720.2.0000.5149). The children and their parents/caregivers were informed that participation was completely voluntary. If they decided not to participate, this decision would not have any consequences. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, and restrictions were described in the methodology. All participants received clarifications regarding the objectives of the study and were assured confidentiality of the data collected. Consent to participate: The children and their parents/caregivers were informed that participation was completely voluntary. If they decided not to participate, this decision would not have any consequences. All participants received clarifications regarding the objectives of the study and were assured confidentiality of the data collected. The parents/caregivers agreed to participate by signing a statement of informed consent. The children also agreed to participate by signing a term of assent. Digital information was maintained on a computer protected with a password. No participants were offered incentives or compensation for participation in any way. There is an informed consent for all children used as model for the photography on this study. Consent for publication: The manuscript is not being considered for publication by another journal and has not been previously published. All authors made a significant contribution to the manuscript and agree to publish data from this research.<br />Purpose: The aim of this study is to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the RMS-Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) for use with Brazilian children and adolescents.<br />Methods: The RMS-PS was developed to measure self-perceived dental anxiety in children. The photographs of Brazilian children reproducing the faces of the original scale were taken and discussed by a Committee of Experts. The first step was to produce four versions of the scale (a white girl, a black girl, a white boy, and a black boy) to guarantee the representativeness of the population. The scale was tested in two pre-tests before the definition of the final version of each one. An original form (5 faces) for 7-14-year-old children and adolescents a short form (3 faces) for 4-6-year-old children were developed. Sixty children and adolescents (mean age = 7.67) responded to the RMS-PS, the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Children's Fear Survey Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Statistical analyses included a descriptive analysis, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), the Spearman correlation, and the Mann-Whitney test.<br />Results: Test-retest reliability showed a good correlation for the children's self-reporting of the B-RMS-PS across the two-week interval (ICC = 0.791; 95% CI 0.673-0.870). Convergent validity was confirmed by the correlation between the B-RMS-PS and the FIS (r = 0.524, p &lt; 0.001). The children with proxy-report dental anxiety had greater B-RMS-PS scores than those without anxiety (p = 0.010) supporting discriminant validity.<br />Conclusion: The B-RMS-PS showed good psychometric characteristics, being reliable and valid to be used with Brazilian children and adolescents.<br /> (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry.)
ISSN:1996-9805
DOI:10.1007/s40368-025-01044-3