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Sex estimation accuracy through metric evaluation of dental root: a cone-beam computed tomography-based study.

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Title: Sex estimation accuracy through metric evaluation of dental root: a cone-beam computed tomography-based study.
Authors: Manhaes-Caldas D; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil., Oliveira ML; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil., Groppo FC; Department of Bioscience, Division of Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutic Drugs, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil., Queluz DP; Department of Health Sciences and Children's Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil.
Source: Brazilian dental journal [Braz Dent J] 2025 Apr 07; Vol. 36, pp. e246063. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 07 (Print Publication: 2025).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Dental Foundation of Ribeirão Preto Country of Publication: Brazil NLM ID: 9214652 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1806-4760 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01036440 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Braz Dent J Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Ribeirão Preto : Dental Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, [1990-
MeSH Terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*/methods , Tooth Root*/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Root*/anatomy & histology , Sex Characteristics*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Cuspid/diagnostic imaging ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology
Abstract: The degree of sexual dimorphism exhibited by teeth plays a crucial role in sex estimation, particularly as they are frequently found well-preserved. This study aimed to assess the presence of sexual dimorphism in the roots of upper lateral incisors, upper canines, and lower canines using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to develop and validate a formula for sex estimation. Linear measurements, surface area, and volumetric measurements were conducted on a total of 140 CBCT volumes (100 for evaluation and 40 for validation) from a Brazilian population, with an equal distribution of sexes, aged between 18 and 50. Statistical analysis involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, unpaired t-test with Welch correction, Pearson's correlation test, logistic regression using the Backward Stepwise method, sieve test, Kappa test, intraclass correlation coefficient, and statistical power calculation (α=0.05). The three teeth showed sexual dimorphism, with measurements from males being statistically larger. Notably, only the formulas for the lower canine met the Mohan and Daubert admissibility criteria. The formula for assessing a sound root used included the mesiodistal diameter, axial cross-section volume, and two-thirds of the coronal cross-section volume. For evaluating reduced root length, the formula incorporated the mesiodistal diameter and axial cross-section volume. The accuracy of the lower canine formulas for sound and reduced root length were 89% and 87%, respectively. After validation, both formulas achieved an accuracy of 85%. In conclusion, the models combining measurements from the lower canine can be applied as a complementary method for sex estimation.
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Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250408 Date Completed: 20250409 Latest Revision: 20250416
Update Code: 20250416
PubMed Central ID: PMC11981591
DOI: 10.1590/0103-644020256063
PMID: 40197920
Database: MEDLINE
Description
Abstract:The degree of sexual dimorphism exhibited by teeth plays a crucial role in sex estimation, particularly as they are frequently found well-preserved. This study aimed to assess the presence of sexual dimorphism in the roots of upper lateral incisors, upper canines, and lower canines using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to develop and validate a formula for sex estimation. Linear measurements, surface area, and volumetric measurements were conducted on a total of 140 CBCT volumes (100 for evaluation and 40 for validation) from a Brazilian population, with an equal distribution of sexes, aged between 18 and 50. Statistical analysis involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, unpaired t-test with Welch correction, Pearson's correlation test, logistic regression using the Backward Stepwise method, sieve test, Kappa test, intraclass correlation coefficient, and statistical power calculation (α=0.05). The three teeth showed sexual dimorphism, with measurements from males being statistically larger. Notably, only the formulas for the lower canine met the Mohan and Daubert admissibility criteria. The formula for assessing a sound root used included the mesiodistal diameter, axial cross-section volume, and two-thirds of the coronal cross-section volume. For evaluating reduced root length, the formula incorporated the mesiodistal diameter and axial cross-section volume. The accuracy of the lower canine formulas for sound and reduced root length were 89% and 87%, respectively. After validation, both formulas achieved an accuracy of 85%. In conclusion, the models combining measurements from the lower canine can be applied as a complementary method for sex estimation.
ISSN:1806-4760
DOI:10.1590/0103-644020256063