Can artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot tools be used effectively for nutritional management in obesity?
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| Titel: | Can artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot tools be used effectively for nutritional management in obesity? |
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| Autoren: | Bayram HM; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkiye., Çelik ZM; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkiye., Barcın Güzeldere HK; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkiye. |
| Quelle: | Nutrition and health [Nutr Health] 2025 Dec; Vol. 31 (4), pp. 1825-1834. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 20. |
| Publikationsart: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | English |
| Info zur Zeitschrift: | Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8306569 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0260-1060 (Print) Linking ISSN: 02601060 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutr Health Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2012- : London : Sage Original Publication: Berkhamsted, England : Academic Publishers, 1982- |
| MeSH-Schlagworte: | Artificial Intelligence* , Obesity*/diet therapy , Menu Planning*/methods, Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Nutrition Policy ; Energy Intake ; Adult ; Generative Artificial Intelligence |
| Abstract: | Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI), particularly Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), has been suggested as a tool for dietary planning in different diseases.AimThe study aimed to compare the energy, macro and micronutrients of the sample menu components presented by ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 for obesity with the Turkish Dietary Guidelines (TDG)-2022, evaluating their accuracy and clarity in medical nutrition management. Due to higher accuracy levels and the most preferred AI, ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 were selected for comparison.MethodsA comparative content analysis was conducted using ChatGPT-4o, and ChatGPT-4 to generate 1800 kcal daily diet plans for a 20-year-old female with obesity. AI models provided recommendations for dietary management, the nutrition care process, and menu planning. Three dietitians evaluated the outputs. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0.ResultsChatGPT-generated menus were inconsistent with dietary recommendations. Both ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 offered 5-day menu samples with low calorie content of "1800 kcal prompt" compared to the TDG-2022 ( P < 0.001 for ChatGPT-4o). Additionally, key nutrients, particularly fats ( P = 0.003), carbohydrates (%), potassium, and calcium ( P < 0.05 for all) were inadequately compared to the TDG-2022. Nutrient analysis revealed that both models underperformed in meeting recommended intakes for critical micronutrients such as calcium, and had an unbalanced distribution of macronutrients.ConclusionChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 have limitations when used to provide accurate dietary management. While AI chatbots offer useful insights, they cannot replace expertise of dietitians in clinical planning; as a result, caution is advised when using these tools in this context. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Artificial intelligence; diet; nutritional treatment; obesity |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20250320 Date Completed: 20251127 Latest Revision: 20251127 |
| Update Code: | 20251127 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/02601060251329070 |
| PMID: | 40111941 |
| Datenbank: | MEDLINE |
Nájsť tento článok vo Web of Science | Abstract: | Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.<br />BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI), particularly Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), has been suggested as a tool for dietary planning in different diseases.AimThe study aimed to compare the energy, macro and micronutrients of the sample menu components presented by ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 for obesity with the Turkish Dietary Guidelines (TDG)-2022, evaluating their accuracy and clarity in medical nutrition management. Due to higher accuracy levels and the most preferred AI, ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 were selected for comparison.MethodsA comparative content analysis was conducted using ChatGPT-4o, and ChatGPT-4 to generate 1800 kcal daily diet plans for a 20-year-old female with obesity. AI models provided recommendations for dietary management, the nutrition care process, and menu planning. Three dietitians evaluated the outputs. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0.ResultsChatGPT-generated menus were inconsistent with dietary recommendations. Both ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 offered 5-day menu samples with low calorie content of "1800 kcal prompt" compared to the TDG-2022 ( P < 0.001 for ChatGPT-4o). Additionally, key nutrients, particularly fats ( P = 0.003), carbohydrates (%), potassium, and calcium ( P < 0.05 for all) were inadequately compared to the TDG-2022. Nutrient analysis revealed that both models underperformed in meeting recommended intakes for critical micronutrients such as calcium, and had an unbalanced distribution of macronutrients.ConclusionChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-4 have limitations when used to provide accurate dietary management. While AI chatbots offer useful insights, they cannot replace expertise of dietitians in clinical planning; as a result, caution is advised when using these tools in this context. |
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| ISSN: | 0260-1060 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/02601060251329070 |