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An archaeomagnetic study of the Ishtar Gate, Babylon.

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Název: An archaeomagnetic study of the Ishtar Gate, Babylon.
Autoři: Di Chiara A; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome (IT), Roma, Italy., Tauxe L; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States of America., Gries H; Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Helwing B; Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Howland MD; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.; Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States of America., Ben-Yosef E; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Jan 17; Vol. 19 (1), pp. e0293014. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 17 (Print Publication: 2024).
Způsob vydávání: Journal Article
Jazyk: English
Informace o časopise: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
Výrazy ze slovníku MeSH: Archaeology*/methods , Civilization*, Humans ; Mesopotamia
Abstrakt: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Data from the marriage of paleomagnetism and archaeology (archaeomagnetism) are the backbone of attempts to create geomagnetic field models for ancient times. Paleointensity experimental design has been the focus of intensive efforts and the requirements and shortcomings are increasingly well understood. Some archaeological materials have excellent age control from inscriptions, which can be tied to a given decade or even a specific year in some cases. In this study, we analyzed fired mud bricks used for the construction of the Ishtar Gate, the entrance complex to the ancient city of Babylon in Southern Mesopotamia. We were able to extract reliable intensity data from all three phases of the gate, the earliest of which includes bricks inscribed with the name of King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 to 562 BCE). These results (1) add high quality intensity data to a region relatively unexplored so far (Southern Mesopotamia), (2) contribute to a better understanding of paleosecular variation in this region, and the development of an archaeomagnetic dating reference for one of the key regions in the history of human civilizations; (3) demonstrate the potential of inscribed bricks (glazed and unglazed), a common material in ancient Mesopotamia, to archaeomagnetic studies; and (4) suggest that the gate complex was constructed some time after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, and that there were no substantial chronological gaps in the construction of each consecutive phase. The best fit of our data (averaging 136±2.1 ZAm2) with those of the reference curve (the Levantine Archaeomagnetic Curve) is 569 BCE.
(Copyright: © 2024 Di Chiara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20240117 Date Completed: 20240119 Latest Revision: 20240202
Update Code: 20250114
PubMed Central ID: PMC10793895
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293014
PMID: 38232109
Databáze: MEDLINE
Popis
Abstrakt:Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.<br />Data from the marriage of paleomagnetism and archaeology (archaeomagnetism) are the backbone of attempts to create geomagnetic field models for ancient times. Paleointensity experimental design has been the focus of intensive efforts and the requirements and shortcomings are increasingly well understood. Some archaeological materials have excellent age control from inscriptions, which can be tied to a given decade or even a specific year in some cases. In this study, we analyzed fired mud bricks used for the construction of the Ishtar Gate, the entrance complex to the ancient city of Babylon in Southern Mesopotamia. We were able to extract reliable intensity data from all three phases of the gate, the earliest of which includes bricks inscribed with the name of King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 to 562 BCE). These results (1) add high quality intensity data to a region relatively unexplored so far (Southern Mesopotamia), (2) contribute to a better understanding of paleosecular variation in this region, and the development of an archaeomagnetic dating reference for one of the key regions in the history of human civilizations; (3) demonstrate the potential of inscribed bricks (glazed and unglazed), a common material in ancient Mesopotamia, to archaeomagnetic studies; and (4) suggest that the gate complex was constructed some time after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, and that there were no substantial chronological gaps in the construction of each consecutive phase. The best fit of our data (averaging 136±2.1 ZAm2) with those of the reference curve (the Levantine Archaeomagnetic Curve) is 569 BCE.<br /> (Copyright: © 2024 Di Chiara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
ISSN:1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0293014