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Infiltration capacity and salinization dynamics of the ishaqi aquifer with sustainable groundwater desalination strategies in central Iraq.

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Názov: Infiltration capacity and salinization dynamics of the ishaqi aquifer with sustainable groundwater desalination strategies in central Iraq.
Autori: Al Maimuri, Najah M. L.1 (AUTHOR), Al Mamouri, Zaidoon Najah Mahdi2 (AUTHOR), Abdulameer, Layth3 (AUTHOR) laith.saeed@uokerbala.edu.iq, Jadooe, Awad3 (AUTHOR), Kurji, Hayder. J.4 (AUTHOR), Al-Dujaili, Ahmed N.5 (AUTHOR) ahmed.noori203@aut.ac.ir
Zdroj: Scientific Reports. 10/30/2025, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1-17. 17p.
Predmety: *SOIL infiltration, *SALINIZATION, *CLIMATE change, *GROUNDWATER management, *GEOGRAPHIC spatial analysis, *AQUIFERS, *SALINE water conversion
Geografický termín: BAGHDAD (Iraq), IRAQ
Abstrakt: Given the shortage of surface water supplies caused by the construction of dams in the upstream countries of the Tigris River, which has reduced Iraq's share of water, the increasing demand for water, and climate change, groundwater has emerged as a critical and essential water resource. This study aims to find the infiltration capacity and salinization of groundwater in the unconfined aquifer relationship and sustainable remediation of aquifer storage in the north Baghdad Ishaqi area of central Iraq in 2024. GIS and Surfer software were used. Ten soil and groundwater samples were extracted from sites randomly distributed throughout the area of 410 km2, with 10 double-ring infiltrometer tests being conducted at the same sites. The results of the on-site tests revealed that the central part of the area was characterized by coarse-grained soil, higher infiltration capacity, and higher groundwater concentrations, which ranged between 70–82%, 87–183 mm/hr., and 2,050–4,200 m/L, respectively. The opposite was the case in the northern and southern parts of the area. The desalination process of the Ishaqi aquifer requires a double injection of water with pumping rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m3/s of water to reduce salinity from 4,500 to 500 mg/L of 108 m³ aquifer volume for periods of 8,800, 4,620, 3,140, 2,360, and 1,780 days, respectively. These periods were greatly reduced when the outflow rate became twice the inflow rate. The mitigation equation was derived from basic assumptions of enclosed aquifer and homogenous mixing. A good coincidence between theoretical and measured concentrations was obtained. The study concluded that there is a direct mathematical relationship between aquifer salination and deep filtration with a correlation factor of 0.998, which led to high total dissolved solids (TDS) accumulations in the groundwater. The desalination process is possible and requires 2–10 years depending on pumping rates. The saline aquifer mitigation procedure is a successful and beneficial long-term tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáza: Academic Search Index
Popis
Abstrakt:Given the shortage of surface water supplies caused by the construction of dams in the upstream countries of the Tigris River, which has reduced Iraq's share of water, the increasing demand for water, and climate change, groundwater has emerged as a critical and essential water resource. This study aims to find the infiltration capacity and salinization of groundwater in the unconfined aquifer relationship and sustainable remediation of aquifer storage in the north Baghdad Ishaqi area of central Iraq in 2024. GIS and Surfer software were used. Ten soil and groundwater samples were extracted from sites randomly distributed throughout the area of 410 km2, with 10 double-ring infiltrometer tests being conducted at the same sites. The results of the on-site tests revealed that the central part of the area was characterized by coarse-grained soil, higher infiltration capacity, and higher groundwater concentrations, which ranged between 70–82%, 87–183 mm/hr., and 2,050–4,200 m/L, respectively. The opposite was the case in the northern and southern parts of the area. The desalination process of the Ishaqi aquifer requires a double injection of water with pumping rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m3/s of water to reduce salinity from 4,500 to 500 mg/L of 108 m³ aquifer volume for periods of 8,800, 4,620, 3,140, 2,360, and 1,780 days, respectively. These periods were greatly reduced when the outflow rate became twice the inflow rate. The mitigation equation was derived from basic assumptions of enclosed aquifer and homogenous mixing. A good coincidence between theoretical and measured concentrations was obtained. The study concluded that there is a direct mathematical relationship between aquifer salination and deep filtration with a correlation factor of 0.998, which led to high total dissolved solids (TDS) accumulations in the groundwater. The desalination process is possible and requires 2–10 years depending on pumping rates. The saline aquifer mitigation procedure is a successful and beneficial long-term tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:20452322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-21910-w