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Contribution of microcosm experiments to conservation science.

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Názov: Contribution of microcosm experiments to conservation science.
Autori: Stern, Eleanor R.1 (AUTHOR) estern@student.unimelb.edu.au, Vesk, Peter A.1 (AUTHOR), Clements, Chris C.2 (AUTHOR), McCarthy, Michael A.1 (AUTHOR)
Zdroj: Conservation Biology. Aug2025, p1. 15p. 4 Illustrations.
Predmety: *MICROCOSM & macrocosm, *CONSERVATION biology, *ECOLOGICAL models, *CLIMATE change, *BIODIVERSITY, *INVASIVE plants, *APPLIED ecology, *POLLUTION
Abstract (English): Microcosms, or miniature experimental systems, have been used to develop models and theories in ecology. However, their contribution to conservation science is unclear. We explored the application, design, and impact of microcosms in conservation science from 469 systematically identified articles published from 1986 to 2023. We used generalized linear modeling to compare cumulative citations over time for each microcosm article with those of 71,738 nonmicrocosm articles in conservation science. We also surveyed the proportion of microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science that were cited in policy documents. Two types of microcosms were used in conservation research: generalized microcosms (i.e., simplified analogies of systems used to test general theories and mathematical models) and specialized microcosms (i.e., recreations of specific ecosystems or species assemblages that test specific hypotheses). Microcosms were used to study biodiversity, invasive species, extinction, pollution, and climate change and were applied to a broad array of ecosystems and species. Microcosm experiments tended to be small (systems were liters in size or smaller) and conducted over short periods (weeks or months); could monitor study species for up to hundreds of generations; and had high sample replication. On average, microcosm studies were cited up to twice as often as nonmicrocosm studies 25 years after publication. Microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science were cited in policy documents at similar rates to each other. We recommend that conservation science, which often focuses on urgent topics and rare or threatened ecosystems and species, may benefit from the manipulability and replicability that microcosms offer. Microcosm experiments may also be low risk for the study systems involved. Future uses of microcosms include providing experimental evidence and testing of conservation theories, models, and hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Resumen Contribuciones de los experimentos en microcosmos a las ciencias de la conservaciónLos microcosmos, o sistemas experimentales en miniatura, se han utilizado para desarrollar modelos y teorías en ecología. Sin embargo, su contribución a las ciencias de la conservación es menos conocida. Exploramos la aplicación, el diseño y el impacto de los microcosmos en las ciencias de la conservación a partir de 469 artículos identificados sistemáticamente y publicados entre 1986 y 2023. Utilizamos modelos lineales generalizados para comparar las citas acumuladas a lo largo del tiempo de cada artículo sobre microcosmos con las de 71, 738 artículos no relacionados con microcosmos en el ámbito de las ciencias de la conservación. También analizamos la proporción de artículos sobre microcosmos y artículos no relacionados con microcosmos centrados en las ciencias de la conservación que fueron citados en documentos políticos. La investigación sobre conservación utilizó dos tipos de microcosmos: microcosmos generalizados (es decir, analogías simplificadas de sistemas utilizados para poner a prueba teorías generales y modelos matemáticos) y microcosmos especializados (es decir, recreaciones de ecosistemas específicos o conjuntos de especies que ponen a prueba hipótesis específicas). Los microcosmos se utilizaron para estudiar la biodiversidad, las especies invasoras, la extinción, la contaminación y el cambio climático, y se aplicaron a una amplia gama de ecosistemas y especies. Los experimentos en microcosmos solían ser pequeños (los sistemas tenían un tamaño en litros o menor) y se llevaban a cabo durante períodos cortos (semanas o meses); solían monitorear las especies estudiadas durante cientos de generaciones; y tenían una alta replicación de muestras. En promedio, los estudios en microcosmos se citaron hasta dos veces más que los estudios no realizados en microcosmos 25 años después de su publicación. Los artículos sobre microcosmos y los artículos no relacionados con microcosmos centrados en las ciencias de la conservación se citaron en documentos políticos en proporciones similares entre sí. Recomendamos que las ciencias de la conservación, que a menudo se centran en temas urgentes y en ecosistemas y especies raras o amenazadas, aprovechen la manipulación y la replicación que ofrecen los microcosmos. Los experimentos en microcosmos también pueden suponer un bajo riesgo para los sistemas de estudio involucrados. Entre los usos futuros de los microcosmos se incluyen el suministro de pruebas experimentales y la comprobación de teorías, modelos e hipótesis de conservación. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Chinese): 微宇宙实验对保护科学的贡献 【摘要】 微宇宙(即小型实验系统)常被用于构建生态学领域的模型和理论, 但其对保护科学的贡献尚不清楚。本研究通过系统性整理1986‐2023年间发表的469篇相关文献, 探讨了微宇宙实验在保护科学中的应用、设计及影响。我们利用广义线性模型, 比较了每篇微宇宙文章的累计引用次数与保护科学领域71,738篇其他文章的引用次数。我们还分析了政策文件中引用聚焦于保护科学的微宇宙文章与其他文章的比例。我们发现, 保护研究中使用了两种类型的微宇宙实验:通用微宇宙(即用于测试一般理论和数学模型的简化系统模拟)和专用微宇宙(即用于测试特定假设的特定生态系统或物种群落重建)。微宇宙被用于研究生物多样性、入侵物种、灭绝、污染和气候变化, 并被应用于多样的生态系统和物种研究之中。微宇宙实验通常规模较小(系统体积为升为单位或更小), 实验周期较短(数周或数月), 通常会对研究物种进行长达数百代的监测, 且具有较高的样本重复性。平均而言, 微宇宙研究在发表25年后的引用量是其他研究的两倍。保护科学领域的微宇宙文章与其他文章在政策文件中的引用率相似。我们提出, 具有可操控性和可重复性的微宇宙实验可能有利于常常关注紧急议题和稀有或受威胁生态系统及物种的保护科学研究。微宇宙实验对所涉及的研究系统而言风险较低。其未来应用包括为保护理论、模型和假设提供实验证据及进行验证。【翻译:胡怡思;审校:聂永刚】 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Databáza: Academic Search Index
Popis
Abstrakt:Microcosms, or miniature experimental systems, have been used to develop models and theories in ecology. However, their contribution to conservation science is unclear. We explored the application, design, and impact of microcosms in conservation science from 469 systematically identified articles published from 1986 to 2023. We used generalized linear modeling to compare cumulative citations over time for each microcosm article with those of 71,738 nonmicrocosm articles in conservation science. We also surveyed the proportion of microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science that were cited in policy documents. Two types of microcosms were used in conservation research: generalized microcosms (i.e., simplified analogies of systems used to test general theories and mathematical models) and specialized microcosms (i.e., recreations of specific ecosystems or species assemblages that test specific hypotheses). Microcosms were used to study biodiversity, invasive species, extinction, pollution, and climate change and were applied to a broad array of ecosystems and species. Microcosm experiments tended to be small (systems were liters in size or smaller) and conducted over short periods (weeks or months); could monitor study species for up to hundreds of generations; and had high sample replication. On average, microcosm studies were cited up to twice as often as nonmicrocosm studies 25 years after publication. Microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science were cited in policy documents at similar rates to each other. We recommend that conservation science, which often focuses on urgent topics and rare or threatened ecosystems and species, may benefit from the manipulability and replicability that microcosms offer. Microcosm experiments may also be low risk for the study systems involved. Future uses of microcosms include providing experimental evidence and testing of conservation theories, models, and hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:08888892
DOI:10.1111/cobi.70129