Prevalence, Mortality Rate and Risk Factors of Obstetrics-Related Venous Thromboembolism in Africa: A Systematic Review

Obstetric-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in Africa. However, management has remained suboptimal. Evaluating its epidemiology will aid policy decisions. To evaluate the prevalence, mortality rate and risk factors of obstetrics-related venous thromboembolism in Africa. We searched four...

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Published in:West African journal of medicine Vol. 42; no. 6; p. 506
Main Authors: Nwagha, T U, Ojukwu, C P, Nweke, M, Nwagha, U I
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Nigeria 30.06.2025
Subjects:
Africa - epidemiology
Female
Humans
Maternal Mortality
Pregnancy
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Venous Thromboembolism - epidemiology
Venous Thromboembolism - etiology
Venous Thromboembolism - mortality
Africa
Pregnancy puerperium
Epidemiology
Obstetrics
Venous thromboembolism
Africa
ISSN:0189-160X
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Abstract Obstetric-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in Africa. However, management has remained suboptimal. Evaluating its epidemiology will aid policy decisions. To evaluate the prevalence, mortality rate and risk factors of obstetrics-related venous thromboembolism in Africa. We searched four databases namely MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete. We undertook independent screening to identify relevant articles. Only peer-reviewed articles written and published in English were included. We fitted a random-effect model to estimate the pooled prevalence and mortality rates, with I2 computed to estimate the degree of heterogeneity. Prevalence of obstetrics-related VTE varied between 2 (per 100,000 deliveries) in 2000 and 248 (per 100,000 births) in 2020. The pooled prevalence was 17 per 100,000 births (95% CI 6-480/100,000 births). Two most important risk factors were immobilization/prolonged travel (OR=2.5 [95% CI 1.4 - 4.5] to 18 (95% CI 2.3-137) and oral contraceptive (OR=15.9, [95% CI 1.9-133.1]). VTE-related maternal mortality ranged from 33 to 286 per 100,000 live births. Moving from 2000 to 2020, there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of obstetrics-related VTE and associated maternal mortality in Africa. The strength of risk factors of obstetrics-related VTE in Africa may not follow a global risk stratification pattern.
AbstractList Obstetric-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in Africa. However, management has remained suboptimal. Evaluating its epidemiology will aid policy decisions. To evaluate the prevalence, mortality rate and risk factors of obstetrics-related venous thromboembolism in Africa. We searched four databases namely MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete. We undertook independent screening to identify relevant articles. Only peer-reviewed articles written and published in English were included. We fitted a random-effect model to estimate the pooled prevalence and mortality rates, with I2 computed to estimate the degree of heterogeneity. Prevalence of obstetrics-related VTE varied between 2 (per 100,000 deliveries) in 2000 and 248 (per 100,000 births) in 2020. The pooled prevalence was 17 per 100,000 births (95% CI 6-480/100,000 births). Two most important risk factors were immobilization/prolonged travel (OR=2.5 [95% CI 1.4 - 4.5] to 18 (95% CI 2.3-137) and oral contraceptive (OR=15.9, [95% CI 1.9-133.1]). VTE-related maternal mortality ranged from 33 to 286 per 100,000 live births. Moving from 2000 to 2020, there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of obstetrics-related VTE and associated maternal mortality in Africa. The strength of risk factors of obstetrics-related VTE in Africa may not follow a global risk stratification pattern.
Obstetric-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in Africa. However, management has remained suboptimal. Evaluating its epidemiology will aid policy decisions.BACKGROUNDObstetric-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in Africa. However, management has remained suboptimal. Evaluating its epidemiology will aid policy decisions.To evaluate the prevalence, mortality rate and risk factors of obstetrics-related venous thromboembolism in Africa.AIMTo evaluate the prevalence, mortality rate and risk factors of obstetrics-related venous thromboembolism in Africa.We searched four databases namely MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete.SEARCH STRATEGYWe searched four databases namely MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete.We undertook independent screening to identify relevant articles. Only peer-reviewed articles written and published in English were included.DATA COLLECTION AND SELECTIONWe undertook independent screening to identify relevant articles. Only peer-reviewed articles written and published in English were included.We fitted a random-effect model to estimate the pooled prevalence and mortality rates, with I2 computed to estimate the degree of heterogeneity.DATA ANALYSISWe fitted a random-effect model to estimate the pooled prevalence and mortality rates, with I2 computed to estimate the degree of heterogeneity.Prevalence of obstetrics-related VTE varied between 2 (per 100,000 deliveries) in 2000 and 248 (per 100,000 births) in 2020. The pooled prevalence was 17 per 100,000 births (95% CI 6-480/100,000 births). Two most important risk factors were immobilization/prolonged travel (OR=2.5 [95% CI 1.4 - 4.5] to 18 (95% CI 2.3-137) and oral contraceptive (OR=15.9, [95% CI 1.9-133.1]). VTE-related maternal mortality ranged from 33 to 286 per 100,000 live births.RESULTPrevalence of obstetrics-related VTE varied between 2 (per 100,000 deliveries) in 2000 and 248 (per 100,000 births) in 2020. The pooled prevalence was 17 per 100,000 births (95% CI 6-480/100,000 births). Two most important risk factors were immobilization/prolonged travel (OR=2.5 [95% CI 1.4 - 4.5] to 18 (95% CI 2.3-137) and oral contraceptive (OR=15.9, [95% CI 1.9-133.1]). VTE-related maternal mortality ranged from 33 to 286 per 100,000 live births.Moving from 2000 to 2020, there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of obstetrics-related VTE and associated maternal mortality in Africa. The strength of risk factors of obstetrics-related VTE in Africa may not follow a global risk stratification pattern.CONCLUSIONMoving from 2000 to 2020, there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of obstetrics-related VTE and associated maternal mortality in Africa. The strength of risk factors of obstetrics-related VTE in Africa may not follow a global risk stratification pattern.
Author Ojukwu, C P
Nwagha, U I
Nwagha, T U
Nweke, M
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Keywords Pregnancy puerperium
Epidemiology
Obstetrics
Venous thromboembolism
Africa
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SubjectTerms Africa - epidemiology
Female
Humans
Maternal Mortality
Pregnancy
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Venous Thromboembolism - epidemiology
Venous Thromboembolism - etiology
Venous Thromboembolism - mortality
Title Prevalence, Mortality Rate and Risk Factors of Obstetrics-Related Venous Thromboembolism in Africa: A Systematic Review
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