Past, present, and future of circRNAs

Exonic circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules generated by a process named back‐splicing. circRNAs are highly abundant in eukaryotes, and many of them are evolutionary conserved. In metazoans, circular RNAs are expressed in a tissue‐specific manner, are highly stable, and accum...

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Published in:The EMBO journal Vol. 38; no. 16; pp. e100836 - n/a
Main Authors: Patop, Ines Lucia, Wüst, Stas, Kadener, Sebastian
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 15.08.2019
Springer Nature B.V
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:
Animals
circRNAs
circular RNAs
EMBO36
Eukaryotes
Evolution, Molecular
Evolutionary conservation
Humans
Immune response
Immunity
MicroRNAs - genetics
miRNA
non‐coding RNAs
Organ Specificity
Review
RNA processing
RNA Splicing
RNA, Circular - genetics
Splicing
circRNAs
splicing
RNA processing
circular RNAs
non‐coding RNAs
non-coding RNAs
ISSN:0261-4189, 1460-2075, 1460-2075
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Exonic circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules generated by a process named back‐splicing. circRNAs are highly abundant in eukaryotes, and many of them are evolutionary conserved. In metazoans, circular RNAs are expressed in a tissue‐specific manner, are highly stable, and accumulate with age in neural tissues. circRNA biogenesis can regulate the production of the linear RNA counterpart in cis as back‐splicing competes with linear splicing. Recent reports also demonstrate functions for some circRNAs in trans : Certain circRNAs interact with microRNAs, some are translated, and circRNAs have been shown to regulate immune responses and behavior. Here, we review current knowledge about animal circRNAs and summarize new insights into potential circRNA functions, concepts of their origin, and possible future directions in the field. Graphical Abstract This review summarizes the current knowledge on circRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of circRNA expression regulation, their functions and evolution.
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These authors contributed equally to this work
ISSN:0261-4189
1460-2075
1460-2075
DOI:10.15252/embj.2018100836