Experimental investigation of far‐field human cough airflows from healthy and influenza‐infected subjects

Seasonal influenza epidemics have been responsible for causing increased economic expenditures and many deaths worldwide. Evidence exists to support the claim that the virus can be spread through the air, but the relative significance of airborne transmission has not been well defined. Particle imag...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Indoor air Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 966 - 977
Main Authors: Dudalski, Nicholas, Mohamed, Ahmed, Mubareka, Samira, Bi, Ran, Zhang, Chao, Savory, Eric
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2020
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:
Aerodynamics
aerosol sampling
Aerosols - analysis
Air Pollution, Indoor
Air sampling
biological sampling
Computational fluid dynamics
Computer applications
Cough
cough airflow
Expenditures
Fluid dynamics
Fluid flow
Free jets
Humans
Hydrodynamics
Image transmission
Influenza
Influenza, Human - transmission
Mathematical models
Mouth
Original
Particle image velocimetry
Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Respiratory Tract Infections
Rheology
Risk assessment
Velocity
Velocity measurement
virus transmission
Viruses
Young Adult
aerosol sampling
cough airflow
particle image velocimetry
biological sampling
virus transmission
ISSN:0905-6947, 1600-0668, 1600-0668
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Seasonal influenza epidemics have been responsible for causing increased economic expenditures and many deaths worldwide. Evidence exists to support the claim that the virus can be spread through the air, but the relative significance of airborne transmission has not been well defined. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and hot‐wire anemometry (HWA) measurements were conducted at 1 m away from the mouth of human subjects to develop a model for cough flow behavior at greater distances from the mouth than were studied previously. Biological aerosol sampling was conducted to assess the risk of exposure to airborne viruses. Throughout the investigation, 77 experiments were conducted from 58 different subjects. From these subjects, 21 presented with influenza‐like illness. Of these, 12 subjects had laboratory‐confirmed respiratory infections. A model was developed for the cough centerline velocity magnitude time history. The experimental results were also used to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The peak velocity observed at the cough jet center, averaged across all trials, was 1.2 m/s, and an average jet spread angle of θ = 24° was measured, similar to that of a steady free jet. No differences were observed in the velocity or turbulence characteristics between coughs from sick, convalescent, or healthy participants.
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The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/ina.12680
ISSN:0905-6947
1600-0668
1600-0668
DOI:10.1111/ina.12680