Freud, Jung and The Great Chain of Being
For some time, it has been clear that psychoanalytic theories are built upon the kind of master narratives Roy Schafer, a New York psychoanalyst, described in 1980. As such, psychoanalytic theories may today have lost some of their initial scientific credibility in that they can no longer be seen as...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of analytical psychology Jg. 63; H. 4; S. 462 - 483 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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01.09.2018
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| Abstract | For some time, it has been clear that psychoanalytic theories are built upon the kind of master narratives Roy Schafer, a New York psychoanalyst, described in 1980. As such, psychoanalytic theories may today have lost some of their initial scientific credibility in that they can no longer be seen as summarizing findings from data collected in a research environment. As aids in participating in their patients’ process of healing, however, narratives continue to be used by practitioners and reflect allegiance to core beliefs and propositions with roots in long-standing Western thought. In this article, the metaphors in master narratives of Freud and Jung are compared with a conceptual system identified by cognitive linguists as ‘The Great Chain of Being’. Based on this analysis, the article proposes that theoretical formulations have mainly a secondary role to play in achieving good outcomes. The most critical element is the therapist’s capacity to access a specific narrative for what transpires throughout each treatment. |
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| AbstractList | For some time, it has been clear that psychoanalytic theories are built upon the kind of master narratives Roy Schafer, a New York psychoanalyst, described in 1980. As such, psychoanalytic theories may today have lost some of their initial scientific credibility in that they can no longer be seen as summarizing findings from data collected in a research environment. As aids in participating in their patients’ process of healing, however, narratives continue to be used by practitioners and reflect allegiance to core beliefs and propositions with roots in long-standing Western thought. In this article, the metaphors in master narratives of Freud and Jung are compared with a conceptual system identified by cognitive linguists as ‘The Great Chain of Being’. Based on this analysis, the article proposes that theoretical formulations have mainly a secondary role to play in achieving good outcomes. The most critical element is the therapist’s capacity to access a specific narrative for what transpires throughout each treatment. For some time, it has been clear that psychoanalytic theories are built upon the kind of master narratives Roy Schafer, a New York psychoanalyst, described in 1980. As such, psychoanalytic theories may today have lost some of their initial scientific credibility in that they can no longer be seen as summarizing findings from data collected in a research environment. As aids in participating in their patients’ process of healing, however, narratives continue to be used by practitioners and reflect allegiance to core beliefs and propositions with roots in long‐standing Western thought. In this article, the metaphors in master narratives of Freud and Jung are compared with a conceptual system identified by cognitive linguists as ‘The Great Chain of Being’. Based on this analysis, the article proposes that theoretical formulations have mainly a secondary role to play in achieving good outcomes. The most critical element is the therapist's capacity to access a specific narrative for what transpires throughout each treatment. Depuis quelque temps, il est entendu que les théories psychanalytiques sont construites sur le type de récits que Roy Schafer, un psychanalyste New‐Yorkais, a décrits en 1980. En tant que telles, les théories psychanalytiques ont peut‐être aujourd’hui perdu une partie de leur crédibilité scientifique : elles ne peuvent plus être considérées comme résumant les découvertes obtenues à partir de données issues de la recherche. Cependant, en tant que ressources qui participent aux processus de guérison de leurs patients, les récits sont encore utilisés par les praticiens. Ces récits reflètent des croyances fondamentales et des propositions qui ont leurs racines dans une tradition de pensée occidentale longuement établie. Dans cet article, les métaphores des métarécits de Freud et de Jung sont comparées au système conceptuel identifié par les linguistes cognitifs comme « La Grande Chaine de la Vie ». S’appuyant sur cette analyse, l’article propose que les formulations théoriques jouent surtout un rôle secondaire dans l’obtention de bons résultats. L’élément le plus essentiel étant la capacité du thérapeute à trouver l’accès à un récit spécifique pour ce qui transparait au travers de chaque cure. Seit einiger Zeit ist klar, daß psychoanalytische Theorien auf jener Art von Meistererzählungen aufgebaut sind wie sie von Roy Schafer, einem New Yorker Psychoanalytiker, 1980 beschrieben wurden. Als solche könnten psychoanalytische Theorien heute einiges von ihrer anfänglichen wissenschaftlichen Glaubwürdigkeit verloren haben insofern sie nicht länger als Verfahren angesehen werden, die in wissenschaftlicher Forschungsumgebung gesammelte Ergebnisse von Daten zusammenfassen. Als Hilfen im Heilungsprozeß ihrer Patienten werden Narrative jedoch weiterhin von den Behandlern verwendet, was die Loyalität zu Kernüberzeugungen und ‐aussagen widerspiegelt, die in althergebrachtem westlichen Denken wurzeln. In diesem Artikel werden die Metaphern aus Meistererzählungen von Freud und Jung mit einem konzeptuellen System verglichen, das von kognitiven Linguisten als ‘Die große Kette des Seins’ bezeichnet wird. Basierend auf dieser Analyse wird in diesem Artikel dazu angeregt, theoretischen Formulierungen im wesentlichen eine sekundäre Rolle zuzusprechen wenn es darum geht, gute Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Das kritischste Element besteht in der Fähigkeit des Therapeuten, Zugriff auf eine jeweils bestimmte Erzählung zu erlangen die abbildet, was während jeder Behandlung geschieht. Da un po’ di tempo è chiaro che le teorie psicoanalitiche sono costruite sul modello delle narrative che Roy Schafer, uno psicoanalista di New York, ha descritto nel 1980. In questa prospettiva, le teorie psicoanalitiche hanno perso qualcosa della loro iniziale credibilità scientifica, in quanto non possono più essere considerate come raccoglitori di dati in un ambiente di ricerca. In quanto aiuto nel processo di guarigione dei pazienti, le narrazioni continuano ad essere utilizzate dai terapeuti e rispecchiano l’ancoraggio alle credenze di base ed alle affermazioni che sono alle radici nella lunga storia del pensiero occidentale. In questo articolo, le metafore nei modelli narrativi di Freud e di Jung vengono confrontate con un sistema concettuale definito dai linguisti cognitivi come “la grande catena dell’essere”. Basandosi su questa analisi, l’articolo suggerisce che le formulazioni teoriche hanno prevalentemente un ruolo secondario nel raggiungimento di risultati positivi. L’elemento cruciale è la capacità del terapeuta di accedere a specifiche narrative attraverso ciò che traspare durante ogni trattamento. Некоторое время многими аналитиками разделялась точка зрения, что психоаналитические теории строятся на ключевом нарративе. Рой Шафер, психоаналитик из Нью‐Йорка, описал это явление в 1980. Можно предположить, что на сегодняшний день психоаналитические теории потеряли свою первоначальную научную достоверность в том плане, что их больше не рассматривают как обобщение данных, полученных в ходе эмпирического исследования. Однако нарративы продолжают использоваться практикующими специалистами, они выступают в роли помощников в процессе исцеления пациентов, отражают приверженность основным убеждениям и положениям в давней традиции западной мысли . В этой статье метафоры в ключевых нарративах Фрейда и Юнга сравниваются с понятийной системой, которую когнитивные лингвисты называют «Великая цепь бытия». Основываясь на анализе, предполагается, что теоретические формулировки играют второстепенную роль в достижении хороших результатов. Решающим элементом является способность терапевта добраться до ключевого нарратива, который обнаруживает себя в ходе терапии. Durante cierto tiempo, resultó claro que las teorías psicoanalíticas se crearon sobre la base de las narrativas maestras, descriptas por Roy Schafer, psicoanalista de New York, en 1980. Como tales, las teorías psicoanalíticas pueden haber perdido actualmente algo de su credibilidad científica inicial, debido a que ya no pueden ser vistas como una recolección de datos provenientes de una investigación. Las narrativas, sin embargo, continúan utilizándose por quienes practican, como ayuda en el proceso de curación de sus pacientes, reflejando la lealtad a aquellas creencias y proposiciones fundamentales, con profundas raíces en el pensamiento Occidental. En este artículo, las metáforas en narrativas maestras de Freud y Jung son comparadas con un sistema conceptual identificado por los lingüistas cognitivos como “La Gran Cadena del Ser”. Basado en este análisis, el artículo propone que las formulaciones teóricas han tenido principalmente un rol secundario con respecto a la obtención de buenos resultados. El elemento fundamental es la capacidad del terapeuta de acceder a la narrativa específica de aquello que transpira a través de cada tratamiento. 弗洛伊德、荣格与伟大的存在之链 一段时期以来,我们都很清楚,精神分析理论构建于一个曾在1980年,由一位纽约精神分析学家, Roy Schafer (罗伊·谢弗)所描述的大叙事的基础之上。同时,当今的精神分析理论可能失去了它们最初的科学可靠性,因为它们不再被看作是基于研究数据的收集而得出的总结。叙事作为一个病人治愈过程中的助力,一直被实践者使用。这展现出人们对核心信念的拥护,以及叙事所具有的,长久以来西方思想的基础。这篇文章,将弗洛伊德和荣格大叙事中的隐喻,与认知语言学家所定义的“伟大的存在之链”的概念系统进行比较。基于这一分析,文章提出,理论的构想在获得好的治疗效果中,主要扮演的是一个次要的角色。最为关键的元素是治疗师在每一个特定的治疗中,可以为治疗中所发生的一切使用特定的叙事的能力。 |
| Author | Ekstrom, Soren |
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| References | 1968; 1 1976 1931 1973 2001; 48 1970 1905b 1905a 1939 1936 1935 2002; 47 2001 2000 1987 1986 1940 1980 1948 1946 1989 1900 2004; 42 2011 2010 2004; 49 1998 1954 2008 1997 2007 2006 1951 2005 1994 1993 2004 2003 1992 2002 1914 1912 1911 1999 1921 2014 2013 1969 1923 |
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| SubjectTerms | alianza terapéutica alleanza terapeutica Allegiance alliance thérapeutique allégeance analytic theories Analytische Theorien Beliefs Cognitive linguistics conceptual metaphors Credibility Cure fedeltà Freud and Jung Freud e Jung Freud et Jung Freud und Jung Freud y Jung Healing konzeptuelle Metaphern lealtad lealtà Linguists mapeo neural mappa neuronale master narratives Meistererzählungen metafore concettuali Metaphor metáforas conceptuales modello di narrativa modélisation neuronale métaphores conceptuelles métarécits narrativas maestras Narratives neural mapping neuronale Zuordnung Patients Psychoanalysis Schafer, Roy teorie analitiche teorías analíticas therapeutic alliance therapeutische Allianz théories analytiques Treue аналитические теории ключевые нарративы концептуальные метафоры нейронные карты приверженность терапевтический альянс Фрейд и Юнг 分析理论 大叙事 弗洛伊德和荣格 忠诚 概念化的隐喻 治疗联盟 神经映射 |
| Title | Freud, Jung and The Great Chain of Being |
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