Are Pain Beliefs, Cognitions, and Behaviors Influenced by Race, Ethnicity, and Culture in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review
Chronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors significantly affect perception of pain. Race, ethnicity and culture have a crucial impact on illness beliefs, health care preferences, help-seeking behaviors, and a...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | Pain physician Ročník 21; číslo 6; s. 541 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
United States
American Society of Interventional Pain Physician
01.11.2018
|
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1533-3159, 2150-1149, 2150-1149 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | Chronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors significantly affect perception of pain. Race, ethnicity and culture have a crucial impact on illness beliefs, health care preferences, help-seeking behaviors, and acceptance of medical interventions.
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the current evidence regarding the racial, ethnic and cultural alterations and differences in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviors in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSKP).
Systematic review.
This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA). PubMed and Web of Science were searched. A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, full-texts of the remaining articles were evaluated for the fulfilment of the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
A total of 11 articles were included. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that African-Americans use more praying, hoping, and emotion-focused coping strategies than Caucasians. There is also preliminary evidence regarding the differences in some coping strategies such as distraction, catastrophizing, and problem-focused solving between African-Americans and Caucasians. Preliminary evidence exists regarding the differences in pain coping strategies between the US and Portugal; the US and Singapore; and among 4 French-speaking countries. It is found that Spanish patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have more negative illness perceptions than Dutch patients. There is preliminary evidence that Caucasians have higher self-efficacy than African-Americans. There is also preliminary evidence that New Zealanders have more internal health expectancies than patients from the US. Preliminary evidence is demonstrated that Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have more positive control beliefs than African-Americans. Lastly, there is preliminary evidence that patients from the US believe that they are more disabled, while Singaporeans interpret the pain more by a traditional biomedical perspective.
Only 11 articles were included. The small number of articles, wide range of assessment methods, and substantial risk of bias in the included studies led the investigator to draw conclusions cautiously.
Preliminary to moderate evidence shows the differences in coping strategies, illness perceptions, self-efficacy, fear avoidance beliefs, locus of control, and pain attitudes in different populations. Further prospective and longitudinal studies using standard definitions for race, ethnicity or culture and valid questionnaires for each population are warranted to explore the racial, ethnic and cultural discrepancies in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviours.
Chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, pain beliefs, pain cognitions, pain behaviors, race, ethnicity, culture. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Chronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors significantly affect perception of pain. Race, ethnicity and culture have a crucial impact on illness beliefs, health care preferences, help-seeking behaviors, and acceptance of medical interventions.
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the current evidence regarding the racial, ethnic and cultural alterations and differences in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviors in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSKP).
Systematic review.
This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA). PubMed and Web of Science were searched. A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, full-texts of the remaining articles were evaluated for the fulfilment of the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
A total of 11 articles were included. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that African-Americans use more praying, hoping, and emotion-focused coping strategies than Caucasians. There is also preliminary evidence regarding the differences in some coping strategies such as distraction, catastrophizing, and problem-focused solving between African-Americans and Caucasians. Preliminary evidence exists regarding the differences in pain coping strategies between the US and Portugal; the US and Singapore; and among 4 French-speaking countries. It is found that Spanish patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have more negative illness perceptions than Dutch patients. There is preliminary evidence that Caucasians have higher self-efficacy than African-Americans. There is also preliminary evidence that New Zealanders have more internal health expectancies than patients from the US. Preliminary evidence is demonstrated that Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have more positive control beliefs than African-Americans. Lastly, there is preliminary evidence that patients from the US believe that they are more disabled, while Singaporeans interpret the pain more by a traditional biomedical perspective.
Only 11 articles were included. The small number of articles, wide range of assessment methods, and substantial risk of bias in the included studies led the investigator to draw conclusions cautiously.
Preliminary to moderate evidence shows the differences in coping strategies, illness perceptions, self-efficacy, fear avoidance beliefs, locus of control, and pain attitudes in different populations. Further prospective and longitudinal studies using standard definitions for race, ethnicity or culture and valid questionnaires for each population are warranted to explore the racial, ethnic and cultural discrepancies in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviours.
Chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, pain beliefs, pain cognitions, pain behaviors, race, ethnicity, culture. Chronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors significantly affect perception of pain. Race, ethnicity and culture have a crucial impact on illness beliefs, health care preferences, help-seeking behaviors, and acceptance of medical interventions.BACKGROUNDChronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors significantly affect perception of pain. Race, ethnicity and culture have a crucial impact on illness beliefs, health care preferences, help-seeking behaviors, and acceptance of medical interventions.The aim of the present study was to systematically review the current evidence regarding the racial, ethnic and cultural alterations and differences in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviors in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSKP).OBJECTIVESThe aim of the present study was to systematically review the current evidence regarding the racial, ethnic and cultural alterations and differences in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviors in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSKP).Systematic review.STUDY DESIGNSystematic review.This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA). PubMed and Web of Science were searched. A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, full-texts of the remaining articles were evaluated for the fulfilment of the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.METHODSThis systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA). PubMed and Web of Science were searched. A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, full-texts of the remaining articles were evaluated for the fulfilment of the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A total of 11 articles were included. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that African-Americans use more praying, hoping, and emotion-focused coping strategies than Caucasians. There is also preliminary evidence regarding the differences in some coping strategies such as distraction, catastrophizing, and problem-focused solving between African-Americans and Caucasians. Preliminary evidence exists regarding the differences in pain coping strategies between the US and Portugal; the US and Singapore; and among 4 French-speaking countries. It is found that Spanish patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have more negative illness perceptions than Dutch patients. There is preliminary evidence that Caucasians have higher self-efficacy than African-Americans. There is also preliminary evidence that New Zealanders have more internal health expectancies than patients from the US. Preliminary evidence is demonstrated that Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have more positive control beliefs than African-Americans. Lastly, there is preliminary evidence that patients from the US believe that they are more disabled, while Singaporeans interpret the pain more by a traditional biomedical perspective.RESULTSA total of 11 articles were included. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that African-Americans use more praying, hoping, and emotion-focused coping strategies than Caucasians. There is also preliminary evidence regarding the differences in some coping strategies such as distraction, catastrophizing, and problem-focused solving between African-Americans and Caucasians. Preliminary evidence exists regarding the differences in pain coping strategies between the US and Portugal; the US and Singapore; and among 4 French-speaking countries. It is found that Spanish patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have more negative illness perceptions than Dutch patients. There is preliminary evidence that Caucasians have higher self-efficacy than African-Americans. There is also preliminary evidence that New Zealanders have more internal health expectancies than patients from the US. Preliminary evidence is demonstrated that Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have more positive control beliefs than African-Americans. Lastly, there is preliminary evidence that patients from the US believe that they are more disabled, while Singaporeans interpret the pain more by a traditional biomedical perspective.Only 11 articles were included. The small number of articles, wide range of assessment methods, and substantial risk of bias in the included studies led the investigator to draw conclusions cautiously.LIMITATIONSOnly 11 articles were included. The small number of articles, wide range of assessment methods, and substantial risk of bias in the included studies led the investigator to draw conclusions cautiously.Preliminary to moderate evidence shows the differences in coping strategies, illness perceptions, self-efficacy, fear avoidance beliefs, locus of control, and pain attitudes in different populations. Further prospective and longitudinal studies using standard definitions for race, ethnicity or culture and valid questionnaires for each population are warranted to explore the racial, ethnic and cultural discrepancies in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviours.CONCLUSIONPreliminary to moderate evidence shows the differences in coping strategies, illness perceptions, self-efficacy, fear avoidance beliefs, locus of control, and pain attitudes in different populations. Further prospective and longitudinal studies using standard definitions for race, ethnicity or culture and valid questionnaires for each population are warranted to explore the racial, ethnic and cultural discrepancies in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviours.Chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, pain beliefs, pain cognitions, pain behaviors, race, ethnicity, culture.KEY WORDSChronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, pain beliefs, pain cognitions, pain behaviors, race, ethnicity, culture. BACKGROUND: Chronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors significantly affect perception of pain. Race, ethnicity and culture have a crucial impact on illness beliefs, health care preferences, help-seeking behaviors, and acceptance of medical interventions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to systematically review the current evidence regarding the racial, ethnic and cultural alterations and differences in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviors in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSKP). STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA). PubMed and Web of Science were searched. A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, full-texts of the remaining articles were evaluated for the fulfilment of the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: A total of 11 articles were included. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that African-Americans use more praying, hoping, and emotion-focused coping strategies than Caucasians. There is also preliminary evidence regarding the differences in some coping strategies such as distraction, catastrophizing, and problem-focused solving between African-Americans and Caucasians. Preliminary evidence exists regarding the differences in pain coping strategies between the US and Portugal; the US and Singapore; and among 4 French-speaking countries. It is found that Spanish patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have more negative illness perceptions than Dutch patients. There is preliminary evidence that Caucasians have higher self-efficacy than African-Americans. There is also preliminary evidence that New Zealanders have more internal health expectancies than patients from the US. Preliminary evidence is demonstrated that Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have more positive control beliefs than African-Americans. Lastly, there is preliminary evidence that patients from the US believe that they are more disabled, while Singaporeans interpret the pain more by a traditional biomedical perspective. LIMITATIONS: Only 11 articles were included. The small number of articles, wide range of assessment methods, and substantial risk of bias in the included studies led the investigator to draw conclusions cautiously. CONCLUSION: Preliminary to moderate evidence shows the differences in coping strategies, illness perceptions, self-efficacy, fear avoidance beliefs, locus of control, and pain attitudes in different populations. Further prospective and longitudinal studies using standard definitions for race, ethnicity or culture and valid questionnaires for each population are warranted to explore the racial, ethnic and cultural discrepancies in pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviours. |
| Author | Orhan, Ceren Van Looveren, Eveline Cagnie, Barbara Mukhtar, Naziru Bashir Meeus, Mira Lenoir, Dorine |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ceren surname: Orhan fullname: Orhan, Ceren organization: Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Turkey; 2Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium – sequence: 2 givenname: Eveline surname: Van Looveren fullname: Van Looveren, Eveline organization: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium; Pain in Motion international research group, www.paininmotion.be – sequence: 3 givenname: Barbara surname: Cagnie fullname: Cagnie, Barbara organization: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium – sequence: 4 givenname: Naziru Bashir surname: Mukhtar fullname: Mukhtar, Naziru Bashir organization: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium – sequence: 5 givenname: Dorine surname: Lenoir fullname: Lenoir, Dorine organization: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium; Pain in Motion international research group, www.paininmotion.be – sequence: 6 givenname: Mira surname: Meeus fullname: Meeus, Mira organization: Univeristy of Antwerp, Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Antwerp, Belgium |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30508984$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpdkM9O3DAQh62Kqiy0r1BZ4sKBSP4TOza3bURbJKoioOfIcSZdU6-9xDZoH4W3xSr00tOMNN98M_odoYMQA7xDK0YFaSht9QFaUcF5w6nQh-gopXtCuNSaf0CHnAiitGpX6Hm9AL42LuAv4B3M6Qz38Xdw2cVQexOmOtiYRxeXhC_D7AsECxMe9_jGWDjDF3kTnHV5_wr3xedSlVV4bbKDkBN-cnmD-80SK4h_lGSLj-kPeMjG_719jtf4dp8ybOuKxTfw6ODpI3o_G5_g01s9Rr--Xtz135urn98u-_VVs2Nc54a2Rs3QcTJZO4ESejKjnTSTVHWCjXKmjHdqtFTNyggpJZFGGT0DZ61lXceP0emrd7fEhwIpD1uXLHhvAsSSBlazVJJxrit68h96H8sS6ncDk0ISwlpBKvX5jSrjFqZht7itWfbDv9D5C9NrgK0 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2018. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2018. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7RV 7X7 7XB 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. KB0 M0S NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Database Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7RV name: Nursing & Allied Health Database url: https://search.proquest.com/nahs sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 2150-1149 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 30508984 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Systematic Review Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | United States--US |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: United States--US |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 53G 7RV 7X7 8FI 8FJ AAKDD AAWTL ABUWG ADBBV AENEX AFKRA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BAWUL BENPR CCPQU CGR CUY CVF DIK E3Z EBD EBS ECM EIF EJD EMOBN F5P FRP FYUFA HMCUK KQ8 M~E NAPCQ NPM OK1 PIMPY RNS SV3 TR2 UKHRP W2D 3V. 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO K9. OVT PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-p239t-14a8fe730dccde859dabcd92618752b6f12378bc18f8a566606a8a9fe324c2773 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 160 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000451640600013&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1533-3159 2150-1149 |
| IngestDate | Fri Sep 05 09:41:58 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 07:30:24 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:32:58 EST 2025 |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-p239t-14a8fe730dccde859dabcd92618752b6f12378bc18f8a566606a8a9fe324c2773 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-3 ObjectType-Evidence Based Healthcare-1 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2656002450?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PMID | 30508984 |
| PQID | 2656002450 |
| PQPubID | 5453642 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2149862339 proquest_journals_2656002450 pubmed_primary_30508984 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2018-11-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2018-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2018 text: 2018-11-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Paducah |
| PublicationTitle | Pain physician |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Pain Physician |
| PublicationYear | 2018 |
| Publisher | American Society of Interventional Pain Physician |
| Publisher_xml | – name: American Society of Interventional Pain Physician |
| SSID | ssj0036993 |
| Score | 2.5839365 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Chronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors significantly affect... BACKGROUND: Chronic pain has been considered as a biopsychosocial condition in which cognitive and emotional factors as well as biological factors... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 541 |
| SubjectTerms | Adaptation, Psychological Adult African Americans Chronic pain Chronic Pain - ethnology Chronic Pain - psychology Culture Ethnic Groups Ethnicity Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice - ethnology Humans Locus of control Musculoskeletal Pain - ethnology Musculoskeletal Pain - psychology Pain Race Self Efficacy Surveys and Questionnaires Systematic review White people |
| Title | Are Pain Beliefs, Cognitions, and Behaviors Influenced by Race, Ethnicity, and Culture in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30508984 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2656002450 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2149862339 |
| Volume | 21 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000451640600013&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 2150-1149 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0036993 issn: 1533-3159 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2150-1149 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0036993 issn: 1533-3159 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2150-1149 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0036993 issn: 1533-3159 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2150-1149 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0036993 issn: 1533-3159 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3Pa9swFH6s6Ri9bN2Ptuna8gY7xiyxHVvapaQlZYUlmGwr2SnI0hMbBSeNnUL_lP23e7KU7tbLLvLBQjb68el770nfA_goTR5nVskok4aiNNa85tKYokHJMKmpr8o2YnrzNZ9OxXwui-Bwq8Oxyi0mtkBtltr5yD_FTiXGxQn756u7yGWNctHVkEJjB3adUlnagd2L8bSYbbE4yWQru-tIDaPN8Ake2e4nV6_-90_24WVgkjjyQ_8anlH1Bl5MQqz8LfwZrQkLNvzxgpho2rqHl_6sEE-0HqrKYBBHXNd4vc1VYrB8wJnS1MNx86vitpoHX9mLbxJyg4UXY63ReXEx6OviZOMOtS7rW97JmNK33_6MI_z2KBaNPhLxDn5cjb9ffolCIoZoFSeyiQapEpYYC4zWhsRQGlVqI9n4YmsnLjPL45qLUg-EFYr5IRtFSihpidmajvM8OYBOtazoCNCmWaatSIkE74tJLDJlB4Z5I2UkqT_swsm20xdhNdWLfz3ehQ-Pr3kduOCGqmi54Tps6rF1liSyC4d-YBcrL9ixYEzrCynS46cbfw97TIeEv2l4Ap1mvaFTeK7vm9_1-gx28tmNK-d5W4qzMNn4WVxPip9_AWv34EM |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VgoAL70egwCDBLRbx2rF3kRAKpVWjJlFUStWbu94diwrJCbEDyk_hT_AbmfXa5dZbD5y9Gj929ttvPLPfALxRNhVJoVWQKEtBLAyvuVhQEOYMk4YGOm8ypieTdDaTp6dqvgV_urMwrqyyw8QGqO3CuH_k74RTiXF5wsHH5Y_AdY1y2dWuhYZ3i0Pa_OKQrfow_szz-1aI_b3j3YOg7SoQLEWk6iCMtSyIHdsaY0kOldW5sYojCabuIk8KfshU5iaUhdRMdpjha6lVQUw9jEjTiO1eg-uM46ErIUuPTjrkjxLViPw6CsXYNryEtTa71_7d_-2978GdlifjyDv2fdii8gHcnLaVAA_h92hFONfnJX4iptFF1cddXwnFy6iPurTYSj-uKhx3nVgs5hs80ob6uFd_K9lWvfGDvbQoIRuce6nZCt0_amzVg3G6diW7i-o779McsDT3fo8j_HIhhY0-z_IIvl7Jh3kM2-WipKeARZwkppAxkeRdPxIy0UVomRVTQooGwx7sdJOctVhRZf9muAevLy7zKnepG13SYs1jOJDl2DOKVA-eeEfKll6OJGPEHkgl42eXG38Ftw6Op5NsMp4dPofbTPykP1O5A9v1ak0v4Ib5WZ9Xq5eNUyOcXbU3_QVXCDem |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Are+Pain+Beliefs%2C+Cognitions%2C+and+Behaviors+Influenced+by+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Culture+in+Patients+with+Chronic+Musculoskeletal+Pain%3A+A+Systematic+Review&rft.jtitle=Pain+physician&rft.au=Orhan%2C+Ceren&rft.au=Van+Looveren%2C+Eveline&rft.au=Cagnie%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Mukhtar%2C+Naziru+Bashir&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft.eissn=2150-1149&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=541&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30508984&rft.externalDocID=30508984 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1533-3159&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1533-3159&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1533-3159&client=summon |