Ocular air gun injuries: a one-year surveillance study in the UK and Eire (BOSU). 2001–2002
Aims The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study. Methods Ocular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; Un...
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| Published in: | Eye (London) Vol. 23; no. 6; pp. 1370 - 1376 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.06.2009
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| ISSN: | 0950-222X, 1476-5454, 1476-5454 |
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| Abstract | Aims
The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study.
Methods
Ocular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; United Kingdom and Eire) for the period November 2001–December 2002 (13 months). Two questionnaires were used to collect demographic details, circumstances of injury, details of injuries, medical management and outcome.
Results
A total of 105 initial and 99 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Eighty-six ocular air gun injuries occurred during the last 12 months of surveillance yielding a corrected, estimated incidence of 91–115 injuries/year. Injuries were most frequent in August/September, and 90% (95/105) of victims were men with mean age of 17.5 years (74% under 18 years). In all, 40% (32/81) of injuries occurred at home and 53% (43/81) in a public place. 23% (19/84) of injuries were deliberate, 66% (69/104) of injuries were severe and 20% (21/105) resulted in ruptured globes. In all, 54% (48/89) required hospital admission and 41 required surgery. A total of 11% (12/105) of eyes were either enucleated or eviscerated. Final visual acuity was ⩽counting fingers in 29% (26/91) but >6/12 (Snellen) in 65% (59/91). Moderate/significant cosmetic deformities were recorded in 10% (8/77) and restricted ocular movements in 5% (4/72).
Conclusions
Ocular air gun injuries damage sight and leave lasting morbidity. The demographics and circumstances of injury are well documented with access to, and unsupervised use of, air guns, appearing the principal risks for injury. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Aims
The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study.
Methods
Ocular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; United Kingdom and Eire) for the period November 2001–December 2002 (13 months). Two questionnaires were used to collect demographic details, circumstances of injury, details of injuries, medical management and outcome.
Results
A total of 105 initial and 99 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Eighty-six ocular air gun injuries occurred during the last 12 months of surveillance yielding a corrected, estimated incidence of 91–115 injuries/year. Injuries were most frequent in August/September, and 90% (95/105) of victims were men with mean age of 17.5 years (74% under 18 years). In all, 40% (32/81) of injuries occurred at home and 53% (43/81) in a public place. 23% (19/84) of injuries were deliberate, 66% (69/104) of injuries were severe and 20% (21/105) resulted in ruptured globes. In all, 54% (48/89) required hospital admission and 41 required surgery. A total of 11% (12/105) of eyes were either enucleated or eviscerated. Final visual acuity was ⩽counting fingers in 29% (26/91) but >6/12 (Snellen) in 65% (59/91). Moderate/significant cosmetic deformities were recorded in 10% (8/77) and restricted ocular movements in 5% (4/72).
Conclusions
Ocular air gun injuries damage sight and leave lasting morbidity. The demographics and circumstances of injury are well documented with access to, and unsupervised use of, air guns, appearing the principal risks for injury. The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study. Ocular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; United Kingdom and Eire) for the period November 2001-December 2002 (13 months). Two questionnaires were used to collect demographic details, circumstances of injury, details of injuries, medical management and outcome. A total of 105 initial and 99 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Eighty-six ocular air gun injuries occurred during the last 12 months of surveillance yielding a corrected, estimated incidence of 91-115 injuries/year. Injuries were most frequent in August/September, and 90% (95/105) of victims were men with mean age of 17.5 years (74% under 18 years). In all, 40% (32/81) of injuries occurred at home and 53% (43/81) in a public place. 23% (19/84) of injuries were deliberate, 66% (69/104) of injuries were severe and 20% (21/105) resulted in ruptured globes. In all, 54% (48/89) required hospital admission and 41 required surgery. A total of 11% (12/105) of eyes were either enucleated or eviscerated. Final visual acuity was <or=counting fingers in 29% (26/91) but >6/12 (Snellen) in 65% (59/91). Moderate/significant cosmetic deformities were recorded in 10% (8/77) and restricted ocular movements in 5% (4/72). Ocular air gun injuries damage sight and leave lasting morbidity. The demographics and circumstances of injury are well documented with access to, and unsupervised use of, air guns, appearing the principal risks for injury. AimsThe vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study.MethodsOcular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; United Kingdom and Eire) for the period November 2001-December 2002 (13 months). Two questionnaires were used to collect demographic details, circumstances of injury, details of injuries, medical management and outcome.ResultsA total of 105 initial and 99 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Eighty-six ocular air gun injuries occurred during the last 12 months of surveillance yielding a corrected, estimated incidence of 91-115 injuries/year. Injuries were most frequent in August/September, and 90% (95/105) of victims were men with mean age of 17.5 years (74% under 18 years). In all, 40% (32/81) of injuries occurred at home and 53% (43/81) in a public place. 23% (19/84) of injuries were deliberate, 66% (69/104) of injuries were severe and 20% (21/105) resulted in ruptured globes. In all, 54% (48/89) required hospital admission and 41 required surgery. A total of 11% (12/105) of eyes were either enucleated or eviscerated. Final visual acuity was less than or equal to counting fingers in 29% (26/91) but >6/12 (Snellen) in 65% (59/91). Moderate/significant cosmetic deformities were recorded in 10% (8/77) and restricted ocular movements in 5% (4/72).ConclusionsOcular air gun injuries damage sight and leave lasting morbidity. The demographics and circumstances of injury are well documented with access to, and unsupervised use of, air guns, appearing the principal risks for injury.Eye (2009) 23, 1370-1376; doi:10.1038/eye.2008.275; published online 19 September 2008 The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study.AIMSThe vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study.Ocular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; United Kingdom and Eire) for the period November 2001-December 2002 (13 months). Two questionnaires were used to collect demographic details, circumstances of injury, details of injuries, medical management and outcome.METHODSOcular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; United Kingdom and Eire) for the period November 2001-December 2002 (13 months). Two questionnaires were used to collect demographic details, circumstances of injury, details of injuries, medical management and outcome.A total of 105 initial and 99 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Eighty-six ocular air gun injuries occurred during the last 12 months of surveillance yielding a corrected, estimated incidence of 91-115 injuries/year. Injuries were most frequent in August/September, and 90% (95/105) of victims were men with mean age of 17.5 years (74% under 18 years). In all, 40% (32/81) of injuries occurred at home and 53% (43/81) in a public place. 23% (19/84) of injuries were deliberate, 66% (69/104) of injuries were severe and 20% (21/105) resulted in ruptured globes. In all, 54% (48/89) required hospital admission and 41 required surgery. A total of 11% (12/105) of eyes were either enucleated or eviscerated. Final visual acuity was <or=counting fingers in 29% (26/91) but >6/12 (Snellen) in 65% (59/91). Moderate/significant cosmetic deformities were recorded in 10% (8/77) and restricted ocular movements in 5% (4/72).RESULTSA total of 105 initial and 99 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Eighty-six ocular air gun injuries occurred during the last 12 months of surveillance yielding a corrected, estimated incidence of 91-115 injuries/year. Injuries were most frequent in August/September, and 90% (95/105) of victims were men with mean age of 17.5 years (74% under 18 years). In all, 40% (32/81) of injuries occurred at home and 53% (43/81) in a public place. 23% (19/84) of injuries were deliberate, 66% (69/104) of injuries were severe and 20% (21/105) resulted in ruptured globes. In all, 54% (48/89) required hospital admission and 41 required surgery. A total of 11% (12/105) of eyes were either enucleated or eviscerated. Final visual acuity was <or=counting fingers in 29% (26/91) but >6/12 (Snellen) in 65% (59/91). Moderate/significant cosmetic deformities were recorded in 10% (8/77) and restricted ocular movements in 5% (4/72).Ocular air gun injuries damage sight and leave lasting morbidity. The demographics and circumstances of injury are well documented with access to, and unsupervised use of, air guns, appearing the principal risks for injury.CONCLUSIONSOcular air gun injuries damage sight and leave lasting morbidity. The demographics and circumstances of injury are well documented with access to, and unsupervised use of, air guns, appearing the principal risks for injury. The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first ocular air gun injury surveillance study. Ocular air gun injuries were reported to the British Ophthalmic Surveillance Unit (BOSU; United Kingdom and Eire) for the period November 2001-December 2002 (13 months). Two questionnaires were used to collect demographic details, circumstances of injury, details of injuries, medical management and outcome. A total of 105 initial and 99 follow-up questionnaires were returned. Eighty-six ocular air gun injuries occurred during the last 12 months of surveillance yielding a corrected, estimated incidence of 91-115 injuries/year. Injuries were most frequent in August/September, and 90% (95/105) of victims were men with mean age of 17.5 years (74% under 18 years). In all, 40% (32/81) of injuries occurred at home and 53% (43/81) in a public place. 23% (19/84) of injuries were deliberate, 66% (69/104) of injuries were severe and 20% (21/105) resulted in ruptured globes. In all, 54% (48/89) required hospital admission and 41 required surgery. A total of 11% (12/105) of eyes were either enucleated or eviscerated. Final visual acuity was <or=counting fingers in 29% (26/91) but >6/12 (Snellen) in 65% (59/91). Moderate/significant cosmetic deformities were recorded in 10% (8/77) and restricted ocular movements in 5% (4/72). Ocular air gun injuries damage sight and leave lasting morbidity. The demographics and circumstances of injury are well documented with access to, and unsupervised use of, air guns, appearing the principal risks for injury. |
| Author | Galloway, P Sparrow, J M Shuttleworth, G N Lane, C |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18806762$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1542/peds.100.4.609 10.1136/bjo.72.2.97 10.1136/adc.64.3.317 10.1016/0002-9394(64)90802-5 10.1038/eye.1987.64 10.1016/S0020-1383(96)00148-9 10.1080/09286586.2001.11644257 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70011-X 10.1542/peds.100.4.e5 10.1016/S0161-6420(88)32952-0 10.1136/bmj.1.5849.333 10.1038/eye.1990.136 10.1136/bjo.2004.041863 10.1038/sj.eye.6700233 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090050120041 10.1016/S0161-6420(84)34159-8 10.1177/014107680109400806 |
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| DOI | 10.1038/eye.2008.275 |
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| References_xml | – volume: 100 start-page: 609 year: 1997 end-page: 612 ident: CR6 article-title: Serious and fatal air gun injuries: more than meets the eye publication-title: Pediatrics doi: 10.1542/peds.100.4.609 – volume: 72 start-page: 97 year: 1988 end-page: 100 ident: CR10 article-title: On the management of retained airgun pellets: a survey of 11 orbital cases publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjo.72.2.97 – ident: CR21 – ident: CR19 – volume: 64 start-page: 317 year: 1989 end-page: 320 ident: CR9 article-title: Penetrating eye injuries publication-title: Arch Dis Child doi: 10.1136/adc.64.3.317 – volume: 58 start-page: 858 year: 1964 end-page: 861 ident: CR16 article-title: Eye injuries due to BB-guns publication-title: Am J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(64)90802-5 – volume: 1 start-page: 422 year: 1987 end-page: 429 ident: CR12 article-title: Ocular injuries associated with the use of airguns publication-title: Eye doi: 10.1038/eye.1987.64 – volume: 28 start-page: 153 year: 1997 end-page: 158 ident: CR1 article-title: The use of air-weapons in attempted suicide publication-title: Injury doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(96)00148-9 – volume: 8 start-page: 279 issue: 5 year: 2001 end-page: 295 ident: CR3 article-title: Screening for amblyopia in preschool children: results of a population-based, randomised controlled trial. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.1080/09286586.2001.11644257 – volume: 117 start-page: 501 year: 1994 end-page: 506 ident: CR7 article-title: The context and consequences of ocular injuries from air guns publication-title: Am J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70011-X – volume: 100 start-page: E5 issue: 4 year: 1997 ident: CR18 article-title: Pediatric nonpowder firearm injuries: outcomes in an urban pediatric setting publication-title: Pediatrics doi: 10.1542/peds.100.4.e5 – volume: 95 start-page: 1603 year: 1988 end-page: 1607 ident: CR11 article-title: Epidemiology of severe eye injuries in childhood publication-title: Ophthalmol doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(88)32952-0 – volume: 1 start-page: 333 year: 1973 end-page: 337 ident: CR15 article-title: Ocular Injuries cause by airgun pellets: an analysis of 105 cases publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5849.333 – volume: 4 start-page: 855 year: 1990 end-page: 860 ident: CR8 article-title: Ocular trauma caused by airgun pellets: a ten year survey publication-title: Eye doi: 10.1038/eye.1990.136 – volume: 88 start-page: 1119 issue: 9 year: 2004 end-page: 1121 ident: CR4 article-title: Consequences of amblyopia on education, occupation, and long term vision loss publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjo.2004.041863 – volume: 17 start-page: 9 issue: 1 year: 2003 end-page: 15 ident: CR17 article-title: The British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit: an evaluation of the first 3 years publication-title: Eye doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700233 – volume: 20 start-page: 9 year: 1985 end-page: 10 ident: CR13 article-title: Pellet-gun eye injuries publication-title: Can J Ophthalmol – volume: 111 start-page: 686 year: 1993 end-page: 691 ident: CR2 article-title: Outcomes of cataract surgery. Improvement in visual acuity and subjective visual function after surgery in the first, second, and both eyes publication-title: Arch Ophthalmol doi: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090050120041 – volume: 91 start-page: 1269 year: 1984 end-page: 1277 ident: CR14 article-title: Ocular BB injuries publication-title: Ophthalmol doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(84)34159-8 – ident: CR20 – volume: 94 start-page: 1 year: 2001 end-page: 4 ident: CR5 article-title: Ocular air-gun injuries: 19 cases publication-title: J R Soc Med doi: 10.1177/014107680109400806 |
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The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first... The vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first... AimsThe vulnerability of the eye means that ocular air gun injuries figure prominently in the medical literature. This Study reports the results of the first... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool clinical-study Compressed Air Eye Injuries, Penetrating - epidemiology Eye Injuries, Penetrating - etiology Female Humans Incidence Laboratory Medicine Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Population Surveillance Surgery Surgical Oncology Surveys and Questionnaires United Kingdom - epidemiology Wounds, Gunshot - epidemiology Young Adult |
| Title | Ocular air gun injuries: a one-year surveillance study in the UK and Eire (BOSU). 2001–2002 |
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