Slurry application techniques to reduce ammonia emissions: Results of some UK field-scale experiments

Shallow injection, trailing shoe and band spreading machines were evaluated, in terms of their potential for reducing ammonia (NH3) emission, by making measurements after application and in direct comparison with surface broadcast applied cattle slurry (pig slurry on one occasion). Several sets of c...

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Vydáno v:	Biosystems engineering Ročník 81; číslo 3; s. 313 - 321
Hlavní autoři:	MISSELBROOK, T. H, SMITH, K. A, JOHNSON, R. A, PAIN, B. F
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Kidlington Elsevier 01.03.2002
Témata:	Agriculture, rearing and food industries wastes ammonia Animal productions Applied sciences arable soils Biological and medical sciences cattle manure emissions England Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology grasslands manure spreaders pig manure Pollution soil injection Terrestrial animal productions Vertebrates volatilization Wastes United Kingdom Europe England Air pollution control Farming animal Gas emission SOIL INJECTION Bovine Animal slurry POLLUTION BY AGRICULTURE Injection Field experiment Pig Pollutant Ammonia Vertebrata Mammalia Arable land Air pollution Application method Artiodactyla Ungulata Land disposal Environmental protection
ISSN:	1537-5110
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Shallow injection, trailing shoe and band spreading machines were evaluated, in terms of their potential for reducing ammonia (NH3) emission, by making measurements after application and in direct comparison with surface broadcast applied cattle slurry (pig slurry on one occasion). Several sets of comparative measurements were made with each type of machine on both grassland and arable land (mostly cereal stubbles), covering a range of soil, crop and weather conditions. Measurements of NH3 emissions were made for 5-7 days following application using a micrometeorological mass balance technique. Mean reductions in NH3 emission achieved from grassland, in comparison with surface broadcast application, were 73, 57 and 26% for shallow injection, trailing shoe and band spreading, respectively, the latter not being significant (probability P > 0.05). Mean cumulative emissions, expressed as % total ammoniacal N applied in the slurry, were 13, 12 and 35% for shallow injection, trailing shoe and band spreading, respectively. There was a trend (probability P = 0.029) for decreasing emissions with increasing sward height (between 10 and 20 cm) following trailing shoe applications. Abatement was generally less effective when these techniques were used on arable land, with mean reductions of 23, 38 and 27% achieved for shallow injection, trailing shoe and band spreading, respectively, with none achieving statistical significance (probability P > 0.05). There was considerable variation in the efficiency of shallow injection, with reductions achieved in individual experiments ranging from 0 to 90%. The considerable variability in efficiency of the techniques for NH3 emission abatement warrants further investigation.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1537-5110
DOI:	10.1006/bioe.2001.0017