Estimating residential water demand in southern Africa
It is understandable that an easy method to obtain estimates of residential water demand is often used. These estimates are also extended to calculate peak demand and sewer flow, and impact an authority's water and sewer infrastructure budget and finally its expenditure. Guideline curves are pr...
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| Vydáno v: | Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineers Ročník 46; číslo 4; s. 2 - 13 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Johannesburg
The South African Institution of Civil Engineers
01.01.2004
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| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1021-2019, 2309-8775 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Shrnutí: | It is understandable that an easy method to obtain estimates of residential water demand is often used. These estimates are also extended to calculate peak demand and sewer flow, and impact an authority's water and sewer infrastructure budget and finally its expenditure. Guideline curves are presented in this paper that can be used to estimate annual average residential water demand based on stand size. The measured water consumption and stand size of more than 600 000 single residential stands were obtained. Treasury databases for Cape Town, Ekurhuleni, George, Midrand, Randfontein and Tshwane were analysed in detail and the results compared to similar work in Windhoek. The large number of records made it possible to conduct statistical analyses and to investigate the distribution of data for stand size intervals of 100 m super(2). The water demand of similar sized stands in townships and suburbs could be compared. A strong relationship exists between the average annual water demand and stand size. The authors note that a model based on stand size has limited application only when better methods are not available. |
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| Bibliografie: | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-General Information-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 1021-2019 2309-8775 |