IMI – Report on Experimental Models of Emmetropization and Myopia

The results of many studies in a variety of species have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of visual experience and the mechanisms of postnatal eye growth, and the development of myopia. This paper surveys and reviews the major contributions that experimental studies using animal...

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Published in:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Vol. 60; no. 3; pp. M31 - M88
Main Authors: Troilo, David, Smith, Earl L., Nickla, Debora L., Ashby, Regan, Tkatchenko, Andrei V., Ostrin, Lisa A., Gawne, Timothy J., Pardue, Machelle T., Summers, Jody A., Kee, Chea-su, Schroedl, Falk, Wahl, Siegfried, Jones, Lyndon
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 01.02.2019
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Special Issue
ISSN:0146-0404, 1552-5783
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Abstract The results of many studies in a variety of species have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of visual experience and the mechanisms of postnatal eye growth, and the development of myopia. This paper surveys and reviews the major contributions that experimental studies using animal models have made to our thinking about emmetropization and development of myopia. These studies established important concepts informing our knowledge of the visual regulation of eye growth and refractive development and have transformed treatment strategies for myopia. Several major findings have come from studies of experimental animal models. These include the eye's ability to detect the sign of retinal defocus and undergo compensatory growth, the local retinal control of eye growth, regulatory changes in choroidal thickness, and the identification of components in the biochemistry of eye growth leading to the characterization of signal cascades regulating eye growth and refractive state. Several of these findings provided the proofs of concepts that form the scientific basis of new and effective clinical treatments for controlling myopia progression in humans. Experimental animal models continue to provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of eye growth control, including the identification of potential new targets for drug development and future treatments needed to stem the increasing prevalence of myopia and the vision-threatening conditions associated with this disease.
AbstractList The results of many studies in a variety of species have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of visual experience and the mechanisms of postnatal eye growth, and the development of myopia. This paper surveys and reviews the major contributions that experimental studies using animal models have made to our thinking about emmetropization and development of myopia. These studies established important concepts informing our knowledge of the visual regulation of eye growth and refractive development and have transformed treatment strategies for myopia. Several major findings have come from studies of experimental animal models. These include the eye's ability to detect the sign of retinal defocus and undergo compensatory growth, the local retinal control of eye growth, regulatory changes in choroidal thickness, and the identification of components in the biochemistry of eye growth leading to the characterization of signal cascades regulating eye growth and refractive state. Several of these findings provided the proofs of concepts that form the scientific basis of new and effective clinical treatments for controlling myopia progression in humans. Experimental animal models continue to provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of eye growth control, including the identification of potential new targets for drug development and future treatments needed to stem the increasing prevalence of myopia and the vision-threatening conditions associated with this disease.
Author Gawne, Timothy J.
Nickla, Debora L.
Tkatchenko, Andrei V.
Jones, Lyndon
Pardue, Machelle T.
Ashby, Regan
Smith, Earl L.
Kee, Chea-su
Summers, Jody A.
Troilo, David
Schroedl, Falk
Wahl, Siegfried
Ostrin, Lisa A.
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  organization: College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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  fullname: Kee, Chea-su
  organization: School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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  organization: Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Zeiss Vision Science Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
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  fullname: Jones, Lyndon
  organization: CORE, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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