Ninety-day experimental hyperthyroidism in male rats: Effects on muscle contractility, fiber composition, oxidative stress, and nerve conduction
Hyperthyroidism generates a hypermetabolic state that promotes adaptations in the skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves leading to deleterious effects. However, there is a paucity of data and conflicting evidence on the influence of thyroid hormones on muscles with predominantly glycolytic fibers an...
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| Published in: | Physiological reports Vol. 13; no. 23; p. e70669 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.12.2025
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| ISSN: | 2051-817X, 2051-817X |
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| Abstract | Hyperthyroidism generates a hypermetabolic state that promotes adaptations in the skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves leading to deleterious effects. However, there is a paucity of data and conflicting evidence on the influence of thyroid hormones on muscles with predominantly glycolytic fibers and on peripheral nerves. We assessed the contractility, oxidative stress, and muscle fiber composition in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm, in addition to assessing the nerve conduction in isolated sciatic nerve in a Wistar rat model of chronic hyperthyroidism, induced by levothyroxine over 13 weeks. In hyperthyroid rats, the EDL increased the speed of relaxation associated with loss of muscle mass and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The diaphragm gained resistance to fatigue associated with an increment in type IIa fibers at the expense of type I and IIb fibers and an increase in SOD and catalase (CAT) activities. In the sciatic nerve, latency, time to peak, and duration of compound action potential were maintained. Chronic hyperthyroidism elicits differential muscle-specific adaptations. While the diaphragm enhances fatigue resistance and antioxidant response, the EDL undergoes atrophy and diminished antioxidant capacity. The observed changes in the sciatic nerve highlight the systemic impact of hyperthyroidism beyond direct muscle effects. |
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| AbstractList | Hyperthyroidism generates a hypermetabolic state that promotes adaptations in the skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves leading to deleterious effects. However, there is a paucity of data and conflicting evidence on the influence of thyroid hormones on muscles with predominantly glycolytic fibers and on peripheral nerves. We assessed the contractility, oxidative stress, and muscle fiber composition in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm, in addition to assessing the nerve conduction in isolated sciatic nerve in a Wistar rat model of chronic hyperthyroidism, induced by levothyroxine over 13 weeks. In hyperthyroid rats, the EDL increased the speed of relaxation associated with loss of muscle mass and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The diaphragm gained resistance to fatigue associated with an increment in type IIa fibers at the expense of type I and IIb fibers and an increase in SOD and catalase (CAT) activities. In the sciatic nerve, latency, time to peak, and duration of compound action potential were maintained. Chronic hyperthyroidism elicits differential muscle‐specific adaptations. While the diaphragm enhances fatigue resistance and antioxidant response, the EDL undergoes atrophy and diminished antioxidant capacity. The observed changes in the sciatic nerve highlight the systemic impact of hyperthyroidism beyond direct muscle effects. Hyperthyroidism generates a hypermetabolic state that promotes adaptations in the skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves leading to deleterious effects. However, there is a paucity of data and conflicting evidence on the influence of thyroid hormones on muscles with predominantly glycolytic fibers and on peripheral nerves. We assessed the contractility, oxidative stress, and muscle fiber composition in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm, in addition to assessing the nerve conduction in isolated sciatic nerve in a Wistar rat model of chronic hyperthyroidism, induced by levothyroxine over 13 weeks. In hyperthyroid rats, the EDL increased the speed of relaxation associated with loss of muscle mass and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The diaphragm gained resistance to fatigue associated with an increment in type IIa fibers at the expense of type I and IIb fibers and an increase in SOD and catalase (CAT) activities. In the sciatic nerve, latency, time to peak, and duration of compound action potential were maintained. Chronic hyperthyroidism elicits differential muscle-specific adaptations. While the diaphragm enhances fatigue resistance and antioxidant response, the EDL undergoes atrophy and diminished antioxidant capacity. The observed changes in the sciatic nerve highlight the systemic impact of hyperthyroidism beyond direct muscle effects.Hyperthyroidism generates a hypermetabolic state that promotes adaptations in the skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves leading to deleterious effects. However, there is a paucity of data and conflicting evidence on the influence of thyroid hormones on muscles with predominantly glycolytic fibers and on peripheral nerves. We assessed the contractility, oxidative stress, and muscle fiber composition in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm, in addition to assessing the nerve conduction in isolated sciatic nerve in a Wistar rat model of chronic hyperthyroidism, induced by levothyroxine over 13 weeks. In hyperthyroid rats, the EDL increased the speed of relaxation associated with loss of muscle mass and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The diaphragm gained resistance to fatigue associated with an increment in type IIa fibers at the expense of type I and IIb fibers and an increase in SOD and catalase (CAT) activities. In the sciatic nerve, latency, time to peak, and duration of compound action potential were maintained. Chronic hyperthyroidism elicits differential muscle-specific adaptations. While the diaphragm enhances fatigue resistance and antioxidant response, the EDL undergoes atrophy and diminished antioxidant capacity. The observed changes in the sciatic nerve highlight the systemic impact of hyperthyroidism beyond direct muscle effects. |
| Author | Dias, Fernando Augusto Lavezzo Ferrari, Marcelo Cardoso Peixoto, João Victor Capelli Zazula, Matheus Felipe Acco, Alexandra Naliwaiko, Katya Stipp, Maria Carolina Beltrame, Olair Carlos Lourenço, Sarah Lethícia Fogaça, Rosalvo Tadeu Hochmueller |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: João Victor Capelli orcidid: 0000-0003-3338-8948 surname: Peixoto fullname: Peixoto, João Victor Capelli organization: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Marcelo Cardoso surname: Ferrari fullname: Ferrari, Marcelo Cardoso organization: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Sarah Lethícia surname: Lourenço fullname: Lourenço, Sarah Lethícia organization: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Matheus Felipe orcidid: 0000-0002-4760-5977 surname: Zazula fullname: Zazula, Matheus Felipe organization: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Maria Carolina surname: Stipp fullname: Stipp, Maria Carolina organization: Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Olair Carlos surname: Beltrame fullname: Beltrame, Olair Carlos organization: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Alexandra surname: Acco fullname: Acco, Alexandra organization: Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 8 givenname: Katya surname: Naliwaiko fullname: Naliwaiko, Katya organization: Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 9 givenname: Fernando Augusto Lavezzo surname: Dias fullname: Dias, Fernando Augusto Lavezzo organization: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil – sequence: 10 givenname: Rosalvo Tadeu Hochmueller surname: Fogaça fullname: Fogaça, Rosalvo Tadeu Hochmueller organization: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil |
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| SubjectTerms | Action potential Animal models Animals Antioxidants Atrophy Catalase - metabolism Diaphragm Diaphragm - metabolism Diaphragm - physiopathology Fatigue Glycolysis Hormones Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism - chemically induced Hyperthyroidism - metabolism Hyperthyroidism - physiopathology Immunoassay Kinases Laboratory animals Latency Male Metabolism Muscle contraction Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle Fatigue Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology Musculoskeletal system Nerve conduction Neural Conduction - physiology Oxidative Stress Peripheral nerves Plasma Proteins Rats Rats, Wistar Sciatic nerve Sciatic Nerve - metabolism Sciatic Nerve - physiopathology Skeletal muscle Superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism Thyroid gland Thyroid hormones Thyroxine |
| Title | Ninety-day experimental hyperthyroidism in male rats: Effects on muscle contractility, fiber composition, oxidative stress, and nerve conduction |
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