Toward unraveling molecular grammars for dsRNA-binding proteins: substrate recognition to binding mechanisms

Long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are recognized by innate immune response proteins, thereby initiating the integrated stress response. As these RNAs adopt an A-form helical structure, immune sensors recognize dsRNAs primarily based on their structural features, such as the length of the doublestra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMB reports Vol. 58; no. 11; p. 451
Main Authors: Jeon, Jaemin, Kim, Yoosik
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Korea (South) 01.11.2025
Subjects:
Humans
Protein Binding
RNA, Double-Stranded - chemistry
RNA, Double-Stranded - genetics
RNA, Double-Stranded - metabolism
RNA-Binding Proteins - chemistry
RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
ISSN:1976-670X, 1976-670X
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are recognized by innate immune response proteins, thereby initiating the integrated stress response. As these RNAs adopt an A-form helical structure, immune sensors recognize dsRNAs primarily based on their structural features, such as the length of the doublestranded stretch and the triphosphate at the 5' end, rather than on specific sequences. This structure-dependent, sequenceindependent mode of RNA recognition is also characteristic of many dsRNA-binding proteins (dsRBPs). Consequently, multiple dsRBPs share a common pool of dsRNA substrates, leading to a complex regulatory network in which proteins modulate each other's activation status and signaling activities. With the development of advanced analytical techniques capable of studying RNA sequences and structures at single-nucleotide resolution, research into dsRNA-protein interactions has advanced significantly. This review discusses the long dsRNAinteracting dsRBPs encoded in the human genome, their RNA substrates, recognition mechanisms, and the downstream effects of protein-RNA interactions, with the aim of deepening our understanding of dsRNA recognition and signaling. [BMB Reports 2025; 58(11): 451-466].
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ISSN:1976-670X
1976-670X
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2025-0067