Fine-scale diversity and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium in a Scots pine forest
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2-cm3 (800-cm3) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divide...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The New phytologist Jg. 201; H. 4; S. 1423 - 1430 |
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New Phytologist Trust
01.03.2014
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| Abstract | Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities.
We collected four 20 × 20 × 2-cm3 (800-cm3) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2-cm3 (8-cm3) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach.
As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one-quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m2 could be detected in a single 8-cm3 cube, and up to three-quarters in a single 800-cm3 slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct ‘hotspots’ of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer.
Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8-cm3) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. |
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| AbstractList | Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine‐scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities.We collected four 20 × 20 × 2‐cm3 (800‐cm3) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2‐cm3 (8‐cm3) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) approach.As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one‐quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m2 could be detected in a single 8‐cm3 cube, and up to three‐quarters in a single 800‐cm3 slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct ‘hotspots’ of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer.Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8‐cm3) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2-cm(3) (800-cm(3)) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2-cm(3) (8-cm(3)) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach. As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one-quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m(2) could be detected in a single 8-cm(3) cube, and up to three-quarters in a single 800-cm(3) slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct 'hotspots' of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer. Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8-cm(3) ) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips.Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2-cm(3) (800-cm(3)) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2-cm(3) (8-cm(3)) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach. As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one-quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m(2) could be detected in a single 8-cm(3) cube, and up to three-quarters in a single 800-cm(3) slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct 'hotspots' of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer. Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8-cm(3) ) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities.We collected four 20 20 2-cm3 (800-cm3) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 2 2-cm3 (8-cm3) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach.As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one-quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m2 could be detected in a single 8-cm3 cube, and up to three-quarters in a single 800-cm3 slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct 'hotspots' of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer.Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8-cm3) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. See also the Commentary by Dickie and Koide Summary Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine‐scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2‐cm3 (800‐cm3) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2‐cm3 (8‐cm3) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) approach. As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one‐quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m2 could be detected in a single 8‐cm3 cube, and up to three‐quarters in a single 800‐cm3 slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct ‘hotspots’ of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer. Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8‐cm3) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. See also the Commentary by Dickie and Koide Summary Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2-cm3 (800-cm3) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2-cm3 (8-cm3) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach. As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one-quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m2 could be detected in a single 8-cm3 cube, and up to three-quarters in a single 800-cm3 slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct 'hotspots' of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer. Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8-cm3) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. See also the Commentary by Dickie and Koide [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2-cm(3) (800-cm(3)) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2-cm(3) (8-cm(3)) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach. As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one-quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m(2) could be detected in a single 8-cm(3) cube, and up to three-quarters in a single 800-cm(3) slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct 'hotspots' of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer. Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8-cm(3) ) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine‐scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2‐cm³(800‐cm³) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2‐cm³(8‐cm³) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) approach. As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one‐quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m²could be detected in a single 8‐cm³cube, and up to three‐quarters in a single 800‐cm³slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct ‘hotspots’ of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer. Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8‐cm³) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is a key component of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, yet we know little regarding the fine-scale diversity and distribution of mycelium in ECM fungal communities. We collected four 20 × 20 × 2-cm3 (800-cm3) slices of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest soil and divided each into 100 2 × 2 × 2-cm3 (8-cm3) cubes. The presence of mycelium of ECM fungi was determined using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) database terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach. As expected, many more ECM fungi were detected as mycelium than as ectomycorrhizas in a cube or slice. More surprisingly, up to one-quarter of the 43 species previously detected as ectomycorrhizas over an area of 400 m2 could be detected in a single 8-cm3 cube, and up to three-quarters in a single 800-cm3 slice. ECM mycelium frequency decreased markedly with depth and there were distinct ‘hotspots’ of mycelium in the moss/F1 layer. Our data demonstrate a high diversity of ECM mycelium in a small (8-cm3) volume of substrate, and indicate that the spatial scale at which ECM species are distributed as mycelium may be very different from the spatial scale at which they are distributed as tips. |
| Author | David R. Genney Ian J. Alexander Ian C. Anderson |
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| Keywords | ectomycorrhiza Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium spatial ecology terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) |
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| References_xml | – volume: 170 start-page: 381 year: 2006 end-page: 390 article-title: Fine scale distribution of pine ectomycorrhizas and their extramatrical mycelium publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 69 start-page: 327 year: 2003 end-page: 333 article-title: Molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal mycelium in soil horizons publication-title: Applied & Environmental Microbiology – start-page: 315 year: 1990 end-page: 322 – volume: 15 start-page: 873 year: 2006 end-page: 882 article-title: A ‘dirty’ business: testing the limitations of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of soil fungi publication-title: Molecular Ecology – volume: 17 start-page: 259 year: 2007 end-page: 270 article-title: Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) to identify mycorrhizal fungi: a methods review publication-title: Mycorrhiza – volume: 21 start-page: 5110 year: 2012 end-page: 5123 article-title: Spatial analysis of ectomycorrhizal fungi reveals that root tip communities are structured by competitive interactions publication-title: Molecular Ecology – volume: 66 start-page: 5488 year: 2000 end-page: 5491 article-title: Rapid method for coextraction of DNA and RNA from natural environments for analysis of ribosomal DNA‐ and rRNA‐based microbial community composition publication-title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology – volume: 159 start-page: 775 year: 2003 end-page: 783 article-title: Vertical distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa in a podzol soil profile publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 11 start-page: 107 year: 2001 end-page: 114 article-title: Exploration types of ectomycorrhizae: a proposal to classify ectomycorrhizal mycelial systems according to their patterns of differentiation and putative ecological importance publication-title: Mycorrhiza – volume: 156 start-page: 527 year: 2002 end-page: 535 article-title: Vertical niche differentiation of ectomycorrhizal hyphae in soil as shown by T‐RFLP analysis publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 159 start-page: 153 year: 2003 end-page: 165 article-title: Fine scale distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi and roots across substrate layers including coarse woody debris in a mixed forest publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 2 start-page: 113 year: 1993 end-page: 118 article-title: ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts publication-title: Molecular Ecology – year: 2008 – volume: 186 start-page: 755 year: 2010 end-page: 768 article-title: Spatial and temporal ecology of Scots pine ectomycorrhizas publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 1 start-page: 199 year: 1981 end-page: 212 article-title: The soils of Culbin Forest, Morayshire: their evolution and morphology, with reference to their forestry potential publication-title: Applied Geography – volume: 187 start-page: 1124 year: 2010 end-page: 1134 article-title: Production of ectomycorrhizal mycelium peaks during canopy closure in Norway spruce forests publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 174 start-page: 420 year: 2007 end-page: 429 article-title: On temporal partitioning of a community of ectomycorrhizal fungi publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 154 start-page: 791 year: 2002 end-page: 795 article-title: Extramatrical ectomycorrhizal mycelium contributes half the microbial biomass and produces, together with associated roots, half the dissolved organic carbon in a forest soil publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 151 start-page: 753 year: 2001 end-page: 760 article-title: Estimation of the biomass and seasonal growth of external mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 166 start-page: 251 year: 2005 end-page: 262 article-title: Contrasting below‐ground views of an ectomycorrhizal fungal community publication-title: New Phytologist – volume: 173 start-page: 611 year: 2007 end-page: 620 article-title: Spatial separation of litter decomposition and mycorrhizal nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest publication-title: New Phytologist – year: 1999 |
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| Title | Fine-scale diversity and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium in a Scots pine forest |
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