Severe Falciparum and Vivax Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border: A Review of 1503 Cases
Abstract Background The northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a major cause of disease and death. Historically the incidences of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malar...
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| Vydáno v: | Clinical infectious diseases Ročník 77; číslo 5; s. 721 - 728 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Oxford University Press
05.05.2023
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| ISSN: | 1058-4838, 1537-6591, 1537-6591 |
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| Abstract | Abstract
Background
The northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a major cause of disease and death. Historically the incidences of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria were approximately similar.
Methods
All malaria cases managed in the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed.
Results
There were 80 841 consultations for symptomatic P. vivax and 94 467 for symptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Overall, 4844 (5.1%) patients with P. falciparum malaria were admitted to field hospitals, of whom 66 died, compared with 278 (0.34%) with P. vivax malaria, of whom 4 died (3 had diagnoses of sepsis, so the contribution of malaria to their fatal outcomes is uncertain). Applying the 2015 World Health Organization severe malaria criteria, 68 of 80 841 P. vivax admissions (0.08%) and 1482 of 94 467 P. falciparum admissions (1.6%) were classified as severe. Overall, patients with P. falciparum malaria were 15 (95% confidence interval, 13.2–16.8) times more likely than those with P. vivax malaria to require hospital admission, 19 (14.6–23.8) times more likely to develop severe malaria, and ≥14 (5.1–38.7) times more likely to die.
Conclusions
In this area, both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections were important causes of hospitalization, but life-threatening P. vivax illness was rare.
Among 94 467 patients with Plasmodium falciparum and 80 841 with Plasmodium vivax malaria, patients with P. falciparum were 15 times more likely to require hospital admission, 19 times more likely to develop severe malaria, and 14 times more likely to die. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract
Background
The northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a major cause of disease and death. Historically the incidences of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria were approximately similar.
Methods
All malaria cases managed in the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed.
Results
There were 80 841 consultations for symptomatic P. vivax and 94 467 for symptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Overall, 4844 (5.1%) patients with P. falciparum malaria were admitted to field hospitals, of whom 66 died, compared with 278 (0.34%) with P. vivax malaria, of whom 4 died (3 had diagnoses of sepsis, so the contribution of malaria to their fatal outcomes is uncertain). Applying the 2015 World Health Organization severe malaria criteria, 68 of 80 841 P. vivax admissions (0.08%) and 1482 of 94 467 P. falciparum admissions (1.6%) were classified as severe. Overall, patients with P. falciparum malaria were 15 (95% confidence interval, 13.2–16.8) times more likely than those with P. vivax malaria to require hospital admission, 19 (14.6–23.8) times more likely to develop severe malaria, and ≥14 (5.1–38.7) times more likely to die.
Conclusions
In this area, both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections were important causes of hospitalization, but life-threatening P. vivax illness was rare.
Among 94 467 patients with Plasmodium falciparum and 80 841 with Plasmodium vivax malaria, patients with P. falciparum were 15 times more likely to require hospital admission, 19 times more likely to develop severe malaria, and 14 times more likely to die. The northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a major cause of disease and death. Historically the incidences of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria were approximately similar.BACKGROUNDThe northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a major cause of disease and death. Historically the incidences of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria were approximately similar.All malaria cases managed in the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed.METHODSAll malaria cases managed in the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed.There were 80 841 consultations for symptomatic P. vivax and 94 467 for symptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Overall, 4844 (5.1%) patients with P. falciparum malaria were admitted to field hospitals, of whom 66 died, compared with 278 (0.34%) with P. vivax malaria, of whom 4 died (3 had diagnoses of sepsis, so the contribution of malaria to their fatal outcomes is uncertain). Applying the 2015 World Health Organization severe malaria criteria, 68 of 80 841 P. vivax admissions (0.08%) and 1482 of 94 467 P. falciparum admissions (1.6%) were classified as severe. Overall, patients with P. falciparum malaria were 15 (95% confidence interval, 13.2-16.8) times more likely than those with P. vivax malaria to require hospital admission, 19 (14.6-23.8) times more likely to develop severe malaria, and ≥14 (5.1-38.7) times more likely to die.RESULTSThere were 80 841 consultations for symptomatic P. vivax and 94 467 for symptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Overall, 4844 (5.1%) patients with P. falciparum malaria were admitted to field hospitals, of whom 66 died, compared with 278 (0.34%) with P. vivax malaria, of whom 4 died (3 had diagnoses of sepsis, so the contribution of malaria to their fatal outcomes is uncertain). Applying the 2015 World Health Organization severe malaria criteria, 68 of 80 841 P. vivax admissions (0.08%) and 1482 of 94 467 P. falciparum admissions (1.6%) were classified as severe. Overall, patients with P. falciparum malaria were 15 (95% confidence interval, 13.2-16.8) times more likely than those with P. vivax malaria to require hospital admission, 19 (14.6-23.8) times more likely to develop severe malaria, and ≥14 (5.1-38.7) times more likely to die.In this area, both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections were important causes of hospitalization, but life-threatening P. vivax illness was rare.CONCLUSIONSIn this area, both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections were important causes of hospitalization, but life-threatening P. vivax illness was rare. The northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Historically the incidences of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria were approximately similar. All malaria cases managed in the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed. There were 80,841 consultations for symptomatic P. vivax and 94,467 for symptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Overall 4,844 (5.1%) patients with P. falciparum malaria were admitted to field hospitals, of whom 66 died, compared with 278 (0.34%) with P. vivax malaria, of whom four died (three were diagnosed with sepsis, so the contribution of malaria to their fatal outcomes is uncertain). Applying the 2015 "World Health Organization severe malaria criteria", 68/80,841 (0.08%) of P. vivax and 1,482/94,467 (1.6%) of P. falciparum admissions were classified as severe. Overall, patients with P. falciparum malaria were 15 (95% CI 13.2-16.8) times more likely than P. vivax to require hospital admission, 19 (95% CI 14.6-23.8) times more likely to develop severe malaria, and at least 14 (95% CI 5.1-38.7) times more likely to die. In this area both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections were important causes of hospitalization, but life-threatening P. vivax illness was rare. |
| Author | Nu, Be Htoo, Klay Wiladpaingern, Jacher Chu, Cindy S Keereevijit, Arunrot Stolady, Daniel Beau, Candy Saito, Makoto Carrara, Verena Lwin, Khin Maung Stolbrink, Marie Choun, Kan White, Nicholas J Wah, Tha Gay Charunwatthana, Prakaykaew Mu, Ne Phyo, Aung Pyae McGready, Rose Luxemburger, Christine Proux, Stephane Nosten, François |
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| Keywords | epidemiology severe malaria Severe malaria Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Epidemiology |
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Background
The northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination... The northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a... |
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| Title | Severe Falciparum and Vivax Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border: A Review of 1503 Cases |
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