Evaluation of seedling emergence and relative DNA content under dry soil conditions of wild Festuca arundinacea populations collected in Iran

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage and turf grass species adapted to cold, arid and semiarid environments. Germination and seedling establishment of F. arundinacea cultivars is constrained by the low soil moisture found in these regions. Genome size was found to positiv...

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Veröffentlicht in:Grassland science Jg. 61; H. 1; S. 6 - 14
Hauptverfasser: Rohollahi, Iman, Khoshkholghsima, Nayer Azam, Yamada, Toshihiko, Kafi, Mohsen, Hoshino, Yoichiro, Liaghat, Abdolmajid, Jafari, Ali Ashraf
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 01.03.2015
Schlagworte:
breeding
cluster analysis
cold
correlation
cultivars
DNA
Drought tolerance
Festuca arundinacea
field capacity
final germination
flow cytometry
forage
genome
germplasm
Iran
latitude
lawns and turf
leaves
relative DNA content
seed germination
seedling emergence
seedlings
semiarid zones
soil water
soil water content
turf grasses
turfgrass
vigor
wild populations
Iran
ISSN:1744-6961, 1744-697X
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Abstract Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage and turf grass species adapted to cold, arid and semiarid environments. Germination and seedling establishment of F. arundinacea cultivars is constrained by the low soil moisture found in these regions. Genome size was found to positively correlate with latitude of origin, suggesting that structural changes in DNA may play a role in environmental adaptation. We investigated the effects of low soil moisture on the germination and early establishment and their correlation with relative DNA content using 14 wild F. arundinacea populations collected from various regions in Iran and two commercial turf cultivars. The populations were evaluated under 100% (−0.03 matric potential [MPa]), 80% (−0.2), 60% (−0.6) and 40% (−1.4) field capacity (FC) conditions. Seed germination and root and leaf growth decreased under reduced soil water content. Cluster analysis revealed that the populations fell into four groups. Populations in cluster I showed the greatest tolerance to low soil moisture and cluster IV was the least tolerant. ‘Isfahan’ and ‘Gonabad’ populations had the best final germination and longer leaf and root length at 40% FC. Studies to identify indices that were involved in drought resistance revealed that final germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index were most important evaluating indicators for F. arundinacea populations. Flow cytometric relative DNA content of the wild populations was negatively correlated with germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index. The drought tolerance populations in cluster I could be potentially useful germplasm for a breeding program to develop superior cultivars for arid and semiarid regions.
AbstractList Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage and turf grass species adapted to cold, arid and semiarid environments. Germination and seedling establishment of F. arundinacea cultivars is constrained by the low soil moisture found in these regions. Genome size was found to positively correlate with latitude of origin, suggesting that structural changes in DNA may play a role in environmental adaptation. We investigated the effects of low soil moisture on the germination and early establishment and their correlation with relative DNA content using 14 wild F. arundinacea populations collected from various regions in Iran and two commercial turf cultivars. The populations were evaluated under 100% (−0.03 matric potential [MPa]), 80% (−0.2), 60% (−0.6) and 40% (−1.4) field capacity (FC) conditions. Seed germination and root and leaf growth decreased under reduced soil water content. Cluster analysis revealed that the populations fell into four groups. Populations in cluster I showed the greatest tolerance to low soil moisture and cluster IV was the least tolerant. ‘Isfahan’ and ‘Gonabad’ populations had the best final germination and longer leaf and root length at 40% FC. Studies to identify indices that were involved in drought resistance revealed that final germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index were most important evaluating indicators for F. arundinacea populations. Flow cytometric relative DNA content of the wild populations was negatively correlated with germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index. The drought tolerance populations in cluster I could be potentially useful germplasm for a breeding program to develop superior cultivars for arid and semiarid regions.
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage and turf grass species adapted to cold, arid and semiarid environments. Germination and seedling establishment of F. arundinacea cultivars is constrained by the low soil moisture found in these regions. Genome size was found to positively correlate with latitude of origin, suggesting that structural changes in DNA may play a role in environmental adaptation. We investigated the effects of low soil moisture on the germination and early establishment and their correlation with relative DNA content using 14 wild F. arundinacea populations collected from various regions in Iran and two commercial turf cultivars. The populations were evaluated under 100% (-0.03 matric potential [MPa]), 80% (-0.2), 60% (-0.6) and 40% (-1.4) field capacity (FC) conditions. Seed germination and root and leaf growth decreased under reduced soil water content. Cluster analysis revealed that the populations fell into four groups. Populations in cluster I showed the greatest tolerance to low soil moisture and cluster IV was the least tolerant. 'Isfahan' and 'Gonabad' populations had the best final germination and longer leaf and root length at 40% FC. Studies to identify indices that were involved in drought resistance revealed that final germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index were most important evaluating indicators for F. arundinacea populations. Flow cytometric relative DNA content of the wild populations was negatively correlated with germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index. The drought tolerance populations in cluster I could be potentially useful germplasm for a breeding program to develop superior cultivars for arid and semiarid regions.
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage and turf grass species adapted to cold, arid and semiarid environments. Germination and seedling establishment of F. arundinacea cultivars is constrained by the low soil moisture found in these regions. Genome size was found to positively correlate with latitude of origin, suggesting that structural changes in DNA may play a role in environmental adaptation. We investigated the effects of low soil moisture on the germination and early establishment and their correlation with relative DNA content using 14 wild F. arundinacea populations collected from various regions in Iran and two commercial turf cultivars. The populations were evaluated under 100% (−0.03 matric potential [MPa]), 80% (−0.2), 60% (−0.6) and 40% (−1.4) field capacity (FC) conditions. Seed germination and root and leaf growth decreased under reduced soil water content. Cluster analysis revealed that the populations fell into four groups. Populations in cluster I showed the greatest tolerance to low soil moisture and cluster IV was the least tolerant. ‘Isfahan’ and ‘Gonabad’ populations had the best final germination and longer leaf and root length at 40% FC. Studies to identify indices that were involved in drought resistance revealed that final germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index were most important evaluating indicators for F. arundinacea populations. Flow cytometric relative DNA content of the wild populations was negatively correlated with germination, leaf length and seedling vigor index. The drought tolerance populations in cluster I could be potentially useful germplasm for a breeding program to develop superior cultivars for arid and semiarid regions.
Author Khoshkholghsima, Nayer Azam
Liaghat, Abdolmajid
Jafari, Ali Ashraf
Yamada, Toshihiko
Kafi, Mohsen
Hoshino, Yoichiro
Rohollahi, Iman
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  fullname: Jafari, Ali Ashraf
  organization: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
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Snippet Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage and turf grass species adapted to cold, arid and semiarid environments. Germination and...
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SubjectTerms breeding
cluster analysis
cold
correlation
cultivars
DNA
Drought tolerance
Festuca arundinacea
field capacity
final germination
flow cytometry
forage
genome
germplasm
Iran
latitude
lawns and turf
leaves
relative DNA content
seed germination
seedling emergence
seedlings
semiarid zones
soil water
soil water content
turf grasses
turfgrass
vigor
wild populations
Title Evaluation of seedling emergence and relative DNA content under dry soil conditions of wild Festuca arundinacea populations collected in Iran
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