From Howard to Hokkaido: Professor Reginald Gates's 'race crossing' research in Japan and transnational insurgencies against racial equality after 1945

In 1954, the biologist Professor Reginald Gates conducted biometric 'race crossing' research throughout Japan. Among his 'subjects' were the Ainu tribes of Hokkaido and 'war children', the offspring of Japanese women and US servicemen. Gates is largely remembered as an...

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Vydáno v:	Patterns of prejudice Ročník 59; číslo 1; s. 53 - 73
Hlavní autor:	Brown, Robert
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Abingdon Routledge 01.02.2025 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Témata:	Academic discourse Academic staff Ainu Anthropologists anthropology Biometrics British world College faculty far right Humans Insurgency Intelligence tests Intermarriage Interracial relationships Italian racial science Japan Mankind Quarterly Marriage Military personnel Race Racial inequality Racism Reginald Gates scientific racism Servicemen Transnationalism Tribes and tribal systems Women Japan
ISSN:	0031-322X, 1461-7331
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Abstract	In 1954, the biologist Professor Reginald Gates conducted biometric 'race crossing' research throughout Japan. Among his 'subjects' were the Ainu tribes of Hokkaido and 'war children', the offspring of Japanese women and US servicemen. Gates is largely remembered as an anachronistic conservative whose opposition to interracial marriage and belief in race theory ostracized him from the post-war Anglo-American scientific mainstream. The article examines the positive responses that Gates and his research paradoxically received from Japanese scientists. It argues that the methodological overlap between Gates and Japanese anthropologists complicates and decentres dominant Anglo-American understandings of the decline of racial thinking after 1945. Gates bypassed mainstream academic channels to get his 'race crossing' research published. Brown's article explores his correspondence and collaboration with the Italian scientific racist Luigi Gedda, head of the Gregorio Mendel Institute in Rome. It argues that the two were nodes in a wider transnational scientific insurgency against the UNESCO statements on racial equality (1950). Through the scientific racist Mankind Quarterly journal, Gates and a cluster of other marginal academics constructed racial hierarchies in which 'East Asians' were attributed with supposedly superior characteristics relative to other racialized groups, setting the scene for psychologist Richard Lynn's theses on 'Mongoloid' IQ, and the controversial 'bell curve' debates of the 1990s.
AbstractList	In 1954, the biologist Professor Reginald Gates conducted biometric ‘race crossing’ research throughout Japan. Among his ‘subjects’ were the Ainu tribes of Hokkaido and ‘war children’, the offspring of Japanese women and US servicemen. Gates is largely remembered as an anachronistic conservative whose opposition to interracial marriage and belief in race theory ostracized him from the post-war Anglo-American scientific mainstream. The article examines the positive responses that Gates and his research paradoxically received from Japanese scientists. It argues that the methodological overlap between Gates and Japanese anthropologists complicates and decentres dominant Anglo-American understandings of the decline of racial thinking after 1945. Gates bypassed mainstream academic channels to get his ‘race crossing’ research published. Brown’s article explores his correspondence and collaboration with the Italian scientific racist Luigi Gedda, head of the Gregorio Mendel Institute in Rome. It argues that the two were nodes in a wider transnational scientific insurgency against the UNESCO statements on racial equality (1950). Through the scientific racist Mankind Quarterly journal, Gates and a cluster of other marginal academics constructed racial hierarchies in which ‘East Asians’ were attributed with supposedly superior characteristics relative to other racialized groups, setting the scene for psychologist Richard Lynn’s theses on ‘Mongoloid’ IQ, and the controversial ‘bell curve’ debates of the 1990s.
Author	Brown, Robert
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SubjectTerms	Academic discourse Academic staff Ainu Anthropologists anthropology Biometrics British world College faculty far right Humans Insurgency Intelligence tests Intermarriage Interracial relationships Italian racial science Japan Mankind Quarterly Marriage Military personnel Race Racial inequality Racism Reginald Gates scientific racism Servicemen Transnationalism Tribes and tribal systems Women
Title	From Howard to Hokkaido: Professor Reginald Gates's 'race crossing' research in Japan and transnational insurgencies against racial equality after 1945
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