Effect of Dental Implant Diameter on Fatigue Performance. Part II: Failure Analysis
Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode obtained and the implants’ fatigue behavior. Materials and Methods Eighty fractured dental implants were analyzed after being tested for fa...
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| Published in: | Clinical implant dentistry and related research Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 178 - 184 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.04.2014
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| ISSN: | 1523-0899, 1708-8208, 1708-8208 |
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| Abstract | Purpose
The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode obtained and the implants’ fatigue behavior.
Materials and Methods
Eighty fractured dental implants were analyzed after being tested for fatigue performance. A macroscopic failure analysis was performed, which evaluated and located the fracture modes obtained, followed by a microscopic failure analysis comprising a detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis.
Results
Four distinctive fracture loci were identified and macrofracture mode analysis was performed, showing that all 5‐mm implants that fractured were fractured at the abutment neck and screw. In the 3.75‐mm group, 44.4% were fractured at the implant neck and 55.5% at the implants second thread. Fifty‐two percent of the 3.3‐mm fractured implants had it at the implants second tread and 48% at the implants third thread. The implant's metallographic sections revealed that the different fracture loci were located where thin metal cross sections and sharp notches coexist. Using SEM, we were able to characterize the failure micromechanisms and fatigue characterization as transgranular fracture and arrays of secondary parallel microcracks at relatively low magnifications and classic fatigue striations at much higher magnifications.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that proper implant design is crucial to ensure long‐term fatigue performance for dental implants. The combination of sharp notches (thread) and narrow metal cross section is quite deleterious for fatigue resistance. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Purpose
The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode obtained and the implants’ fatigue behavior.
Materials and Methods
Eighty fractured dental implants were analyzed after being tested for fatigue performance. A macroscopic failure analysis was performed, which evaluated and located the fracture modes obtained, followed by a microscopic failure analysis comprising a detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis.
Results
Four distinctive fracture loci were identified and macrofracture mode analysis was performed, showing that all 5‐mm implants that fractured were fractured at the abutment neck and screw. In the 3.75‐mm group, 44.4% were fractured at the implant neck and 55.5% at the implants second thread. Fifty‐two percent of the 3.3‐mm fractured implants had it at the implants second tread and 48% at the implants third thread. The implant's metallographic sections revealed that the different fracture loci were located where thin metal cross sections and sharp notches coexist. Using SEM, we were able to characterize the failure micromechanisms and fatigue characterization as transgranular fracture and arrays of secondary parallel microcracks at relatively low magnifications and classic fatigue striations at much higher magnifications.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that proper implant design is crucial to ensure long‐term fatigue performance for dental implants. The combination of sharp notches (thread) and narrow metal cross section is quite deleterious for fatigue resistance. The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode obtained and the implants' fatigue behavior.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode obtained and the implants' fatigue behavior.Eighty fractured dental implants were analyzed after being tested for fatigue performance. A macroscopic failure analysis was performed, which evaluated and located the fracture modes obtained, followed by a microscopic failure analysis comprising a detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODSEighty fractured dental implants were analyzed after being tested for fatigue performance. A macroscopic failure analysis was performed, which evaluated and located the fracture modes obtained, followed by a microscopic failure analysis comprising a detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis.Four distinctive fracture loci were identified and macrofracture mode analysis was performed, showing that all 5-mm implants that fractured were fractured at the abutment neck and screw. In the 3.75-mm group, 44.4% were fractured at the implant neck and 55.5% at the implants second thread. Fifty-two percent of the 3.3-mm fractured implants had it at the implants second tread and 48% at the implants third thread. The implant's metallographic sections revealed that the different fracture loci were located where thin metal cross sections and sharp notches coexist. Using SEM, we were able to characterize the failure micromechanisms and fatigue characterization as transgranular fracture and arrays of secondary parallel microcracks at relatively low magnifications and classic fatigue striations at much higher magnifications.RESULTSFour distinctive fracture loci were identified and macrofracture mode analysis was performed, showing that all 5-mm implants that fractured were fractured at the abutment neck and screw. In the 3.75-mm group, 44.4% were fractured at the implant neck and 55.5% at the implants second thread. Fifty-two percent of the 3.3-mm fractured implants had it at the implants second tread and 48% at the implants third thread. The implant's metallographic sections revealed that the different fracture loci were located where thin metal cross sections and sharp notches coexist. Using SEM, we were able to characterize the failure micromechanisms and fatigue characterization as transgranular fracture and arrays of secondary parallel microcracks at relatively low magnifications and classic fatigue striations at much higher magnifications.The results of this study indicate that proper implant design is crucial to ensure long-term fatigue performance for dental implants. The combination of sharp notches (thread) and narrow metal cross section is quite deleterious for fatigue resistance.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study indicate that proper implant design is crucial to ensure long-term fatigue performance for dental implants. The combination of sharp notches (thread) and narrow metal cross section is quite deleterious for fatigue resistance. The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode obtained and the implants' fatigue behavior. Eighty fractured dental implants were analyzed after being tested for fatigue performance. A macroscopic failure analysis was performed, which evaluated and located the fracture modes obtained, followed by a microscopic failure analysis comprising a detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis. Four distinctive fracture loci were identified and macrofracture mode analysis was performed, showing that all 5-mm implants that fractured were fractured at the abutment neck and screw. In the 3.75-mm group, 44.4% were fractured at the implant neck and 55.5% at the implants second thread. Fifty-two percent of the 3.3-mm fractured implants had it at the implants second tread and 48% at the implants third thread. The implant's metallographic sections revealed that the different fracture loci were located where thin metal cross sections and sharp notches coexist. Using SEM, we were able to characterize the failure micromechanisms and fatigue characterization as transgranular fracture and arrays of secondary parallel microcracks at relatively low magnifications and classic fatigue striations at much higher magnifications. The results of this study indicate that proper implant design is crucial to ensure long-term fatigue performance for dental implants. The combination of sharp notches (thread) and narrow metal cross section is quite deleterious for fatigue resistance. The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode obtained and the implants' fatigue behavior. Eighty fractured dental implants were analyzed after being tested for fatigue performance. A macroscopic failure analysis was performed, which evaluated and located the fracture modes obtained, followed by a microscopic failure analysis comprising a detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis. Four distinctive fracture loci were identified and macrofracture mode analysis was performed, showing that all 5-mm implants that fractured were fractured at the abutment neck and screw. In the 3.75-mm group, 44.4% were fractured at the implant neck and 55.5% at the implants second thread. Fifty-two percent of the 3.3-mm fractured implants had it at the implants second tread and 48% at the implants third thread. The implant's metallographic sections revealed that the different fracture loci were located where thin metal cross sections and sharp notches coexist. Using SEM, we were able to characterize the failure micromechanisms and fatigue characterization as transgranular fracture and arrays of secondary parallel microcracks at relatively low magnifications and classic fatigue striations at much higher magnifications. The results of this study indicate that proper implant design is crucial to ensure long-term fatigue performance for dental implants. The combination of sharp notches (thread) and narrow metal cross section is quite deleterious for fatigue resistance. |
| Author | Machtei, Eli E. Shemtov-Yona, Keren Rittel, Daniel Levin, Liran |
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| References | Choe HC, Lee JK, Chung CH. Analyses of fractured implant fixture after prolonged implantation. Met Mater Int 2004; 10:327-335. Nagasawa S, Hayano K, Niino T, et al. Nonlinear stress analysis of titanium implants by finite element method. Dent Mater 2008; 27:633-639. Shemtov-Yona K, Rittel D, Levin L, Machtei E. Effect of dental implant diameter on fatigue performance. Part I: mechanical behavior. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 16:172-177. Steinebrunner L, Wolfart S, Ludwig K, Kern M. Implant-abutment interface design affects fatigue and fracture strength of implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19:1276-1284. Pjetursson BE, Tan K, Lang NP, Brägger U, Egger M, Zwahlen M. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res 2004; 15:667-676. Morgan MJ, James DF, Pilliar RM. Fractures of the fixture component of an osseointegrated implant. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993; 8:409-414. Gealh WC, Mazzo V, Barbi F, Camarini ET. Osseointegrated implant fracture: causes and treatment. J Oral Implantol 2011; 38:499-503. Anitua E, Tapia R, Luzuriaga F, Orive G. Influence of implant length, diameter, and geometry on stress distribution: a finite element analysis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2010; 30:89-95. Khraisat A, Stegaroiu R, Nomura S, Miyakawa O. Fatigue resistance of two implant/abutment joint designs. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88:604-610. Sbordone L, Traini T, Caputi S, Scarano A, Bortolaia C, Piattelli A. Scanning electron microscopy fractography analysis of fractured hollow implants. J Oral Implantol 2010; 36:105-111. Norton MR. An in vitro evaluation of the strength of an internal conical interface compared to a butt joint interface in implant design. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8:290-298. Basten CH, Nicholls JI, Daly CH, Taggart R. Load fatigue performance of two implant-abutment combinations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996; 11:522-528. Wahlström M, Sagulin GB, Jansson LE. Clinical follow-up of unilateral, fixed dental prosthesis on maxillary implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:1294-1300. 2004; 10 1993; 8 2010; 21 2010; 36 2004; 15 2008; 19 2008; 27 2002; 88 2014; 16 2011; 38 2010; 30 1997; 8 1996; 11 |
| References_xml | – reference: Sbordone L, Traini T, Caputi S, Scarano A, Bortolaia C, Piattelli A. Scanning electron microscopy fractography analysis of fractured hollow implants. J Oral Implantol 2010; 36:105-111. – reference: Steinebrunner L, Wolfart S, Ludwig K, Kern M. Implant-abutment interface design affects fatigue and fracture strength of implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008; 19:1276-1284. – reference: Shemtov-Yona K, Rittel D, Levin L, Machtei E. Effect of dental implant diameter on fatigue performance. Part I: mechanical behavior. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 16:172-177. – reference: Norton MR. An in vitro evaluation of the strength of an internal conical interface compared to a butt joint interface in implant design. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8:290-298. – reference: Khraisat A, Stegaroiu R, Nomura S, Miyakawa O. Fatigue resistance of two implant/abutment joint designs. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88:604-610. – reference: Anitua E, Tapia R, Luzuriaga F, Orive G. Influence of implant length, diameter, and geometry on stress distribution: a finite element analysis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2010; 30:89-95. – reference: Pjetursson BE, Tan K, Lang NP, Brägger U, Egger M, Zwahlen M. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res 2004; 15:667-676. – reference: Gealh WC, Mazzo V, Barbi F, Camarini ET. Osseointegrated implant fracture: causes and treatment. J Oral Implantol 2011; 38:499-503. – reference: Basten CH, Nicholls JI, Daly CH, Taggart R. Load fatigue performance of two implant-abutment combinations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996; 11:522-528. – reference: Wahlström M, Sagulin GB, Jansson LE. Clinical follow-up of unilateral, fixed dental prosthesis on maxillary implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:1294-1300. – reference: Choe HC, Lee JK, Chung CH. Analyses of fractured implant fixture after prolonged implantation. Met Mater Int 2004; 10:327-335. – reference: Morgan MJ, James DF, Pilliar RM. Fractures of the fixture component of an osseointegrated implant. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993; 8:409-414. – reference: Nagasawa S, Hayano K, Niino T, et al. Nonlinear stress analysis of titanium implants by finite element method. Dent Mater 2008; 27:633-639. – volume: 30 start-page: 89 year: 2010 end-page: 95 article-title: Influence of implant length, diameter, and geometry on stress distribution: a finite element analysis publication-title: Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent – volume: 15 start-page: 667 year: 2004 end-page: 676 article-title: A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years publication-title: Clin Oral Implants Res – volume: 27 start-page: 633 year: 2008 end-page: 639 article-title: Nonlinear stress analysis of titanium implants by finite element method publication-title: Dent Mater – volume: 38 start-page: 499 year: 2011 end-page: 503 article-title: Osseointegrated implant fracture: causes and treatment publication-title: J Oral Implantol – volume: 8 start-page: 409 year: 1993 end-page: 414 article-title: Fractures of the fixture component of an osseointegrated implant publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants – volume: 36 start-page: 105 year: 2010 end-page: 111 article-title: Scanning electron microscopy fractography analysis of fractured hollow implants publication-title: J Oral Implantol – volume: 16 start-page: 172 year: 2014 end-page: 177 article-title: Effect of dental implant diameter on fatigue performance. Part I: mechanical behavior publication-title: Clin Implant Dent Relat Res – volume: 21 start-page: 1294 year: 2010 end-page: 1300 article-title: Clinical follow‐up of unilateral, fixed dental prosthesis on maxillary implants publication-title: Clin Oral Implants Res – volume: 88 start-page: 604 year: 2002 end-page: 610 article-title: Fatigue resistance of two implant/abutment joint designs publication-title: J Prosthet Dent – volume: 10 start-page: 327 year: 2004 end-page: 335 article-title: Analyses of fractured implant fixture after prolonged implantation publication-title: Met Mater Int – volume: 11 start-page: 522 year: 1996 end-page: 528 article-title: Load fatigue performance of two implant‐abutment combinations publication-title: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants – volume: 19 start-page: 1276 year: 2008 end-page: 1284 article-title: Implant‐abutment interface design affects fatigue and fracture strength of implants publication-title: Clin Oral Implants Res – volume: 8 start-page: 290 year: 1997 end-page: 298 article-title: An in vitro evaluation of the strength of an internal conical interface compared to a butt joint interface in implant design publication-title: Clin Oral Implants Res |
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The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture... The purpose of this study was to perform fracture mode analysis for in vitro failed implants in order to evaluate the relation between the fracture mode... |
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| SubjectTerms | Dental Implants implant design Materials Testing Microscopy, Electron, Scanning scanning electron microscopy stress concentration striation Titanium |
| Title | Effect of Dental Implant Diameter on Fatigue Performance. Part II: Failure Analysis |
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