The regional effects of CO2 and landscape change using a coupled plant and meteorological model
A meteorological model, the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS), and a plant model, the General Energy and Mass Transfer Model (GEMTM), are coupled in this study. The integrated modelling system was used to investigate regional weather conditions in the central grasslands of the USA for thr...
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| Vydáno v: | Global change biology Ročník 7; číslo 7; s. 797 - 815 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Oxford, UK
Blackwell Science Ltd
01.10.2001
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| ISSN: | 1354-1013, 1365-2486 |
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| Abstract | A meteorological model, the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS), and a plant model, the General Energy and Mass Transfer Model (GEMTM), are coupled in this study. The integrated modelling system was used to investigate regional weather conditions in the central grasslands of the USA for three experimental scenarios:
• land cover is changed from current to potential vegetation;
• radiative forcing is changed from 1 × CO2 to 2 × CO2; and
• biological CO2 partial pressures are doubled.
Results indicate that the biological effect of enriched CO2, and of land‐use change exhibit dominant effects on regional meteorological and biological fields, which were observed for daily to seasonal time scales and grid to regional spatial scales. Simulated radiation impacts of 2 × CO2 were minimal, with interactive effects between the three experimental scenarios as large as the radiational impact alone. Model results highlight the importance of including 2 × CO2 biological effects when simulating possible future changes in regional weather. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A meteorological model, the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS), and a plant model, the General Energy and Mass Transfer Model (GEMTM), are coupled in this study. The integrated modelling system was used to investigate regional weather conditions in the central grasslands of the USA for three experimental scenarios:
• land cover is changed from current to potential vegetation;
• radiative forcing is changed from 1 × CO2 to 2 × CO2; and
• biological CO2 partial pressures are doubled.
Results indicate that the biological effect of enriched CO2, and of land‐use change exhibit dominant effects on regional meteorological and biological fields, which were observed for daily to seasonal time scales and grid to regional spatial scales. Simulated radiation impacts of 2 × CO2 were minimal, with interactive effects between the three experimental scenarios as large as the radiational impact alone. Model results highlight the importance of including 2 × CO2 biological effects when simulating possible future changes in regional weather. |
| Author | Eastman, Joseph L. Pielke, Roger A. Coughenour, Michael B. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joseph L. surname: Eastman fullname: Eastman, Joseph L. organization: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 – sequence: 2 givenname: Michael B. surname: Coughenour fullname: Coughenour, Michael B. organization: Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 – sequence: 3 givenname: Roger A. surname: Pielke fullname: Pielke, Roger A. organization: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA |
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| References_xml | – reference: U.S. Department of Agriculture (1994) State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) Data Base-Data Use Information (rev. ed.). Miscellaneous Publication of the Number 1492. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Fort Worth, TX. – reference: Ryan MG (1991) Effects of climate change on plant respiration. Ecological Applications, 1, 157-167. – reference: Foley JA (1994) The sensitivity of the terrestrial biosphere to climate change: a simulation of the middle Holocene. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 8, 505-525. – reference: Bazzaz FA & Williams WE (1991) Atmospheric CO2 concentrations within a mixed forest: implications for seedling growth. Ecology, 72, 12-16. – reference: Kiang JE & Eltahir EAB (1999) Role of ecosystem dynamics in biosphere-atmosphere interaction over the coastal region of West Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 31,173-31,189. – reference: Owensby CE (1993) Potential impacts of elevated CO2 and above- and belowground litter quality of a tallgrass prairie. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 70, 413-424. – reference: Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM (1997) Human domination of earth ecosystems. Science, 277, 494-499.DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5325.494 – reference: Bryant J, Taylor G, Frehner M (1998) Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 is modified by source: sink balance in three component species of chalk grassland swards grown in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment. Plant, Cell and Environment, 21, 159-168.DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00265.x – reference: De Ridder K & Gallee H (1998) Land surface-induced regional climate change in southern Israel. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 37, 1470-1488. – reference: Küchler AW (1964) Potential Natural Vegetation of the Conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. 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Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 6, 369-377. – reference: Dirmeyer PA & Shukla J (1994) Albedo as a modulator of climate response to tropical deforestation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 20,863-20,877. – reference: Chen D-X & Lieth JH (1993) A two-dimensional, dynamic model for root growth distribution of potted plants. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 118(2), 181-187. – reference: Wang G & Eltahir EAB (2000a) Role of vegetation dynamics in enhancing the low frequency variability of the Sahel rainfall. Water Resources Research, 36, 1013-1021. – reference: Lyons TJ, Schwerdtfeger P, Hacker JM, Foster IJ, Smith RCG, Xinmei H (1993) Land-atmosphere interaction in a semiarid region: The bunny fence experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 74, 1327-1334. – reference: Chen D-X, Coughenour MB, Knapp AK, Owensby CE (1994) Mathematical simulation of C4 grass photosynthesis in ambient and elevated CO2. Ecological Modeling, 73, 63-80. – reference: Sivillo JK, Ahlquist JE, Toth Z (1997) An ensemble forecasting primer. Weather and Forecasting, 12, 809-818. – reference: Bazzaz FA (1990) The response of natural ecosystems to the rising global CO2 levels. Annual Review of Ecological Systems, 21, 167-196. – reference: Cotton WR, Weaver JF, Beitler BA (1995) An unusual summertime downslope wind event in Fort Collins, Colorado, on 3 July, 1993. Weather and Forecasting, 10, 786-797. – reference: De Noblet N, Prentice IC, Jousaume S, Texier D, Botta A, Haxeltine A (1996) Possible role of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in triggering the last glaciation. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 3191-3194. – reference: Eamus D (1996) Responses of field grown trees to CO2 enrichment. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 75, 39-47. – reference: Betts RA, Cox PM, Lee SE, Woodward FI (1997) Contrasting physiological and structural vegetation feedbacks in climate simulations. 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