The decline of Afro-Palaearctic migrants and an assessment of potential causes
There is compelling evidence that Afro‐Palaearctic (A‐P) migrant bird populations have declined in Europe in recent decades, often to a greater degree than resident or short‐distance migrants. There appear to have been two phases of decline. The first in the 1960s–1970s, and in some cases into the e...
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| Vydané v: | Ibis (London, England) Ročník 156; číslo 1; s. 1 - 22 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.2014
Blackwell |
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| Abstract | There is compelling evidence that Afro‐Palaearctic (A‐P) migrant bird populations have declined in Europe in recent decades, often to a greater degree than resident or short‐distance migrants. There appear to have been two phases of decline. The first in the 1960s–1970s, and in some cases into the early 1980s, largely affected species wintering predominantly in the arid Sahelian zone, and the second since the 1980s has mostly affected species wintering in the humid tropics and Guinea forest zone. Potential drivers of these declines are diverse and are spread across and interact within the migratory cycle. Our knowledge of declining species is generally better for the breeding than the non‐breeding parts of their life cycles, but there are significant gaps in both for many species. On the breeding grounds, degradation of breeding habitats is the factor affecting the demography of the largest number of species, particularly within agricultural systems and woodland and forests. In the non‐breeding areas, the interacting factors of anthropogenic habitat degradation and climatic conditions, particularly drought in the Sahel zone, appear to be the most important factors. Based on our synthesis of existing information, we suggest four priorities for further research: (1) use of new and emerging tracking technologies to identify migratory pathways and strategies, understand migratory connectivity and enable field research to be targeted more effectively; (2) undertake detailed field studies in sub‐Saharan Africa and at staging sites, where we understand little about distribution patterns, habitat use and foraging ecology; (3) make better use of the wealth of data from the European breeding grounds to explore spatial and temporal patterns in demographic parameters and relate these to migratory pathways and large‐scale patterns of habitat change and climatic factors; and (4) make better use of remote sensing to improve our understanding of how and where land cover is changing across these extensive areas and how this impacts A‐P migrants. This research needs to inform and underpin a flyway approach to conservation, evaluating a suite of drivers across the migratory cycle and combining this with an understanding of land management practices that integrate the needs of birds and people in these areas. |
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| AbstractList | There is compelling evidence that Afro-Palaearctic (A-P) migrant bird populations have declined in Europe in recent decades, often to a greater degree than resident or short-distance migrants. There appear to have been two phases of decline. The first in the 1960s-1970s, and in some cases into the early 1980s, largely affected species wintering predominantly in the arid Sahelian zone, and the second since the 1980s has mostly affected species wintering in the humid tropics and Guinea forest zone. Potential drivers of these declines are diverse and are spread across and interact within the migratory cycle. Our knowledge of declining species is generally better for the breeding than the non-breeding parts of their life cycles, but there are significant gaps in both for many species. On the breeding grounds, degradation of breeding habitats is the factor affecting the demography of the largest number of species, particularly within agricultural systems and woodland and forests. In the non-breeding areas, the interacting factors of anthropogenic habitat degradation and climatic conditions, particularly drought in the Sahel zone, appear to be the most important factors. Based on our synthesis of existing information, we suggest four priorities for further research: (1) use of new and emerging tracking technologies to identify migratory pathways and strategies, understand migratory connectivity and enable field research to be targeted more effectively; (2) undertake detailed field studies in sub-Saharan Africa and at staging sites, where we understand little about distribution patterns, habitat use and foraging ecology; (3) make better use of the wealth of data from the European breeding grounds to explore spatial and temporal patterns in demographic parameters and relate these to migratory pathways and large-scale patterns of habitat change and climatic factors; and (4) make better use of remote sensing to improve our understanding of how and where land cover is changing across these extensive areas and how this impacts A-P migrants. This research needs to inform and underpin a flyway approach to conservation, evaluating a suite of drivers across the migratory cycle and combining this with an understanding of land management practices that integrate the needs of birds and people in these areas. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] There is compelling evidence that Afro‐Palaearctic (A‐P) migrant bird populations have declined in Europe in recent decades, often to a greater degree than resident or short‐distance migrants. There appear to have been two phases of decline. The first in the 1960s–1970s, and in some cases into the early 1980s, largely affected species wintering predominantly in the arid Sahelian zone, and the second since the 1980s has mostly affected species wintering in the humid tropics and Guinea forest zone. Potential drivers of these declines are diverse and are spread across and interact within the migratory cycle. Our knowledge of declining species is generally better for the breeding than the non‐breeding parts of their life cycles, but there are significant gaps in both for many species. On the breeding grounds, degradation of breeding habitats is the factor affecting the demography of the largest number of species, particularly within agricultural systems and woodland and forests. In the non‐breeding areas, the interacting factors of anthropogenic habitat degradation and climatic conditions, particularly drought in the Sahel zone, appear to be the most important factors. Based on our synthesis of existing information, we suggest four priorities for further research: (1) use of new and emerging tracking technologies to identify migratory pathways and strategies, understand migratory connectivity and enable field research to be targeted more effectively; (2) undertake detailed field studies in sub‐Saharan Africa and at staging sites, where we understand little about distribution patterns, habitat use and foraging ecology; (3) make better use of the wealth of data from the European breeding grounds to explore spatial and temporal patterns in demographic parameters and relate these to migratory pathways and large‐scale patterns of habitat change and climatic factors; and (4) make better use of remote sensing to improve our understanding of how and where land cover is changing across these extensive areas and how this impacts A‐P migrants. This research needs to inform and underpin a flyway approach to conservation, evaluating a suite of drivers across the migratory cycle and combining this with an understanding of land management practices that integrate the needs of birds and people in these areas. |
| Author | Pain, Deborah J. Smith, Ken W. Škorpilová, Jana Ewing, Steven R. Vickery, Juliet A. Bairlein, Franz Gregory, Richard D. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juliet A. surname: Vickery fullname: Vickery, Juliet A. email: juliet.vickery@rspb.org.uk organization: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, SandyBedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Steven R. surname: Ewing fullname: Ewing, Steven R. organization: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, SandyBedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Ken W. surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Ken W. organization: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, SandyBedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Deborah J. surname: Pain fullname: Pain, Deborah J. organization: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, SandyBedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Franz surname: Bairlein fullname: Bairlein, Franz organization: Institute of Avian Research, 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Jana surname: Škorpilová fullname: Škorpilová, Jana organization: Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Bělidle 252/34, CZ-150 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic – sequence: 7 givenname: Richard D. surname: Gregory fullname: Gregory, Richard D. organization: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, SandyBedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK |
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| Copyright | 2013 British Ornithologists' Union 2015 INIST-CNRS Ibis © 2014 British Ornithologists' Union |
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| Keywords | Palearctic Region Vertebrata Migratory Aves |
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| Notes | istex:A2A3E95C4924DFD27E6942565B7AA23C7ED2AD82 Table S1. To explore the population trends of selected European Afro-Palearctic migrants covered by the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS), we have divided the 55 long-distance migrants into those breeding on farmland and non-farmland, and into those characteristic of arid or humid and southern wintering grounds. Table S2. Summary of our understanding of factors impacting Afro-Palearctic migrants on their breeding, non-breeding and staging grounds. ark:/67375/WNG-VFR3LGXB-Z ArticleID:IBI12118 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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Ornithol. |
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| Snippet | There is compelling evidence that Afro‐Palaearctic (A‐P) migrant bird populations have declined in Europe in recent decades, often to a greater degree than... There is compelling evidence that Afro-Palaearctic (A-P) migrant bird populations have declined in Europe in recent decades, often to a greater degree than... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal and plant ecology Animal breeding Animal populations Animal reproduction Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Anthropogenic factors Autoecology Aves Biological and medical sciences Bird migration Bird populations Birds breeding and wintering grounds Climatic conditions Demography Distribution patterns drivers of change Drought Environmental degradation Farming systems Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Habitat changes Habitat utilization Habitats Land management migration Migratory birds population trends Remote sensing staging sites Tropical environments Vertebrata Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution Woodlands |
| Title | The decline of Afro-Palaearctic migrants and an assessment of potential causes |
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