Functional differences between woodland savannas and seasonally dry forests from south-eastern Brazil: Evidence from 15N natural abundance studies

Nitrogen availability and N‐cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N natural abundance provides a way to assess ecosystem N dynamics, and the range of nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) for plants in an ecosystem ca...

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Published in:	Austral ecology Vol. 36; no. 8; pp. 974 - 982
Main Authors:	VIANI, RICARDO A. G., RODRIGUES, RICARDO R., DAWSON, TODD E., OLIVEIRA, RAFAEL S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Melbourne, Australia Blackwell Publishing Asia 01.12.2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subjects:	biogeography Brazil cerrado comparative ecology Dry forests Ecosystem assessment Ecosystems Flowers & plants Forest communities Forest soils Forests isotopes Leaves Nitrogen nitrogen content Savannahs savannas Seasons Soil depth stable isotope Stable isotopes tropical forest Woodlands woody plants Brazil
ISSN:	1442-9985, 1442-9993
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Abstract	Nitrogen availability and N‐cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N natural abundance provides a way to assess ecosystem N dynamics, and the range of nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) for plants in an ecosystem can indicate divergent strategies for N uptake. We tested the hypotheses that the N‐rich seasonally dry forest would have higher soil and leaf δ15N and a smaller range of leaf δ15N values compared to the N‐poor cerradão (savanna woodland). We measured N concentration and δ15N in two soil depths and leaves of 27 woody species in cerradão and 26 in seasonally dry forest. As expected, total soil N concentration decreased while soil δ15N value increased with soil depth. Regardless of soil depth, seasonally dry forest soils had higher δ15N and total N concentration compared to cerradão soils. Foliar δ15N values varied from −6.4‰ to 5.9‰ in cerradão and from −2.3‰ to 8.4‰ in seasonally dry forest plants. Phylogenetically independent contrasts analysis and comparisons of δ15N mean values of the most abundant species and species co‐occurring in both sites confirmed the hypothesis of higher δ15N for seasonally dry forest in comparison to cerradão. These results corroborate the expectation of higher soil and leaf δ15N values in sites with higher soil N availability. However, except for the most abundant species, no across‐site leaf–soil (δ15N leaf –δ15N soil) differences (Δδ15N) were found suggesting that differences in leaf δ15N between cerradão and seasonally dry forest are driven by differences in soil δ15N. Variation of leaf δ15N was large in both sites and only slightly higher in cerradão, suggesting high diversity of N use strategies for both cerradão and seasonally dry forest communities.
AbstractList	Abstract Nitrogen availability and N-cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N natural abundance provides a way to assess ecosystem N dynamics, and the range of nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) for plants in an ecosystem can indicate divergent strategies for N uptake. We tested the hypotheses that the N-rich seasonally dry forest would have higher soil and leaf δ15N and a smaller range of leaf δ15N values compared to the N-poor cerradão (savanna woodland). We measured N concentration and δ15N in two soil depths and leaves of 27 woody species in cerradão and 26 in seasonally dry forest. As expected, total soil N concentration decreased while soil δ15N value increased with soil depth. Regardless of soil depth, seasonally dry forest soils had higher δ15N and total N concentration compared to cerradão soils. Foliar δ15N values varied from -6.4[per thousand] to 5.9[per thousand] in cerradão and from -2.3[per thousand] to 8.4[per thousand] in seasonally dry forest plants. Phylogenetically independent contrasts analysis and comparisons of δ15N mean values of the most abundant species and species co-occurring in both sites confirmed the hypothesis of higher δ15N for seasonally dry forest in comparison to cerradão. These results corroborate the expectation of higher soil and leaf δ15N values in sites with higher soil N availability. However, except for the most abundant species, no across-site leaf-soil (δ15N leaf -δ15N soil) differences (Δδ15N) were found suggesting that differences in leaf δ15N between cerradão and seasonally dry forest are driven by differences in soil δ15N. Variation of leaf δ15N was large in both sites and only slightly higher in cerradão, suggesting high diversity of N use strategies for both cerradão and seasonally dry forest communities. Nitrogen availability and N‐cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N natural abundance provides a way to assess ecosystem N dynamics, and the range of nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) for plants in an ecosystem can indicate divergent strategies for N uptake. We tested the hypotheses that the N‐rich seasonally dry forest would have higher soil and leaf δ15N and a smaller range of leaf δ15N values compared to the N‐poor cerradão (savanna woodland). We measured N concentration and δ15N in two soil depths and leaves of 27 woody species in cerradão and 26 in seasonally dry forest. As expected, total soil N concentration decreased while soil δ15N value increased with soil depth. Regardless of soil depth, seasonally dry forest soils had higher δ15N and total N concentration compared to cerradão soils. Foliar δ15N values varied from −6.4‰ to 5.9‰ in cerradão and from −2.3‰ to 8.4‰ in seasonally dry forest plants. Phylogenetically independent contrasts analysis and comparisons of δ15N mean values of the most abundant species and species co‐occurring in both sites confirmed the hypothesis of higher δ15N for seasonally dry forest in comparison to cerradão. These results corroborate the expectation of higher soil and leaf δ15N values in sites with higher soil N availability. However, except for the most abundant species, no across‐site leaf–soil (δ15N leaf –δ15N soil) differences (Δδ15N) were found suggesting that differences in leaf δ15N between cerradão and seasonally dry forest are driven by differences in soil δ15N. Variation of leaf δ15N was large in both sites and only slightly higher in cerradão, suggesting high diversity of N use strategies for both cerradão and seasonally dry forest communities. Nitrogen availability and N-cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N natural abundance provides a way to assess ecosystem N dynamics, and the range of nitrogen stable isotope values ( delta 15N) for plants in an ecosystem can indicate divergent strategies for N uptake. We tested the hypotheses that the N-rich seasonally dry forest would have higher soil and leaf delta 15N and a smaller range of leaf delta 15N values compared to the N-poor cerradao (savanna woodland). We measured N concentration and delta 15N in two soil depths and leaves of 27 woody species in cerradao and 26 in seasonally dry forest. As expected, total soil N concentration decreased while soil delta 15N value increased with soil depth. Regardless of soil depth, seasonally dry forest soils had higher delta 15N and total N concentration compared to cerradao soils. Foliar delta 15N values varied from -6.4ppt to 5.9ppt in cerradao and from -2.3ppt to 8.4ppt in seasonally dry forest plants. Phylogenetically independent contrasts analysis and comparisons of delta 15N mean values of the most abundant species and species co-occurring in both sites confirmed the hypothesis of higher delta 15N for seasonally dry forest in comparison to cerradao. These results corroborate the expectation of higher soil and leaf delta 15N values in sites with higher soil N availability. However, except for the most abundant species, no across-site leaf-soil ( delta 15N leaf - delta 15N soil) differences ( Delta delta 15N) were found suggesting that differences in leaf delta 15N between cerradao and seasonally dry forest are driven by differences in soil delta 15N. Variation of leaf delta 15N was large in both sites and only slightly higher in cerradao, suggesting high diversity of N use strategies for both cerradao and seasonally dry forest communities.
Author	RODRIGUES, RICARDO R. VIANI, RICARDO A. G. OLIVEIRA, RAFAEL S. DAWSON, TODD E.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: RICARDO A. G. surname: VIANI fullname: VIANI, RICARDO A. G. organization: Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Email: ragviani@yahoo.com.br) – sequence: 2 givenname: RICARDO R. surname: RODRIGUES fullname: RODRIGUES, RICARDO R. organization: Department of Biological Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: TODD E. surname: DAWSON fullname: DAWSON, TODD E. organization: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: RAFAEL S. surname: OLIVEIRA fullname: OLIVEIRA, RAFAEL S. organization: Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Email: ragviani@yahoo.com.br)
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Snippet	Nitrogen availability and N‐cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N natural... Abstract Nitrogen availability and N-cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N... Nitrogen availability and N-cycling dynamics across ecosystems play a critical role in plant functioning and species distribution. Measurements of 15N natural...
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SubjectTerms	biogeography Brazil cerrado comparative ecology Dry forests Ecosystem assessment Ecosystems Flowers & plants Forest communities Forest soils Forests isotopes Leaves Nitrogen nitrogen content Savannahs savannas Seasons Soil depth stable isotope Stable isotopes tropical forest Woodlands woody plants
Title	Functional differences between woodland savannas and seasonally dry forests from south-eastern Brazil: Evidence from 15N natural abundance studies
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