To Be, or Not to Be: That Is the Hamletic Question of Cryptic Evolution in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean IRaja miraletus/I Species Complex
The Raja miraletus species complex exhibits high levels of morphological and ecological stasis along with the antipodean distribution in the Eastern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We investigated genetic variability and differentiation between taxa and geographical populations by integrating mitochondr...
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| Vydáno v: | Animals (Basel) Ročník 13; číslo 13 |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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MDPI AG
01.06.2023
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| ISSN: | 2076-2615, 2076-2615 |
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| Abstract | The Raja miraletus species complex exhibits high levels of morphological and ecological stasis along with the antipodean distribution in the Eastern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We investigated genetic variability and differentiation between taxa and geographical populations by integrating mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. The extraordinary occurrence of at least five different sibling taxa in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea is documented, supporting cryptic speciation and stabilising selection. Despite a high species diversity, skates (Rajiformes) exhibit remarkably conservative morphology and ecology. Limited trait variations occur within and between species, and cryptic species have been reported among sister and non-sister taxa, suggesting that species complexes may be subject to stabilising selection. Three sibling species are currently recognised in the Raja miraletus complex: (i) R. miraletus occurring along the Portuguese and Mediterranean coasts, (ii) R. parva in the Central-Eastern Atlantic off West Africa and (iii) R. ocellifera in the Western Indian Ocean off South Africa. In the present study, the genetic variation at mitochondrial and nuclear markers was estimated in the species complex by analysing 323 individuals sampled across most of its geographical distribution area to test the hypothesis that restricted gene flow and genetic divergence within species reflect known climate and bio-oceanographic discontinuities. Our results support previous morphological studies and confirm the known taxonomic boundaries of the three recognised species. In addition, we identified multiple weakly differentiated clades in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean, at least two additional cryptic taxa off Senegal and Angola, a pronounced differentiation of ancient South African clades. The hidden genetic structure presented here may represent a valuable support to species' conservation action plans. |
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| AbstractList | The Raja miraletus species complex exhibits high levels of morphological and ecological stasis along with the antipodean distribution in the Eastern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We investigated genetic variability and differentiation between taxa and geographical populations by integrating mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. The extraordinary occurrence of at least five different sibling taxa in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea is documented, supporting cryptic speciation and stabilising selection. The Raja miraletus species complex exhibits high levels of morphological and ecological stasis along with the antipodean distribution in the Eastern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We investigated genetic variability and differentiation between taxa and geographical populations by integrating mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. The extraordinary occurrence of at least five different sibling taxa in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea is documented, supporting cryptic speciation and stabilising selection. Despite a high species diversity, skates (Rajiformes) exhibit remarkably conservative morphology and ecology. Limited trait variations occur within and between species, and cryptic species have been reported among sister and non-sister taxa, suggesting that species complexes may be subject to stabilising selection. Three sibling species are currently recognised in the Raja miraletus complex: (i) R. miraletus occurring along the Portuguese and Mediterranean coasts, (ii) R. parva in the Central-Eastern Atlantic off West Africa and (iii) R. ocellifera in the Western Indian Ocean off South Africa. In the present study, the genetic variation at mitochondrial and nuclear markers was estimated in the species complex by analysing 323 individuals sampled across most of its geographical distribution area to test the hypothesis that restricted gene flow and genetic divergence within species reflect known climate and bio-oceanographic discontinuities. Our results support previous morphological studies and confirm the known taxonomic boundaries of the three recognised species. In addition, we identified multiple weakly differentiated clades in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean, at least two additional cryptic taxa off Senegal and Angola, a pronounced differentiation of ancient South African clades. The hidden genetic structure presented here may represent a valuable support to species' conservation action plans. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Fiorentino, Fabio Tinti, Fausto Costa, Filipe O Cariani, Alessia Carbonara, Pierluigi Stagioni, Marco Crobe, Valentina Golani, Daniel Cannas, Rita Zaera-Perez, Diana Serena, Fabrizio Ferrari, Alice Hemida, Farid Leslie, Rob W Sion, Letizia |
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| DOI | 10.3390/ani13132139 |
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| Title | To Be, or Not to Be: That Is the Hamletic Question of Cryptic Evolution in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean IRaja miraletus/I Species Complex |
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