The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, endogenous biomolecules in eukaryotes with tissue-specific and cell-specific expression patterns, whose biogenesis is regulated by specific cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. Some circRNAs are abundant and evolutionarily conserved, and many...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature reviews. Genetics Jg. 20; H. 11; S. 675 - 691
Hauptverfasser: Kristensen, Lasse S, Andersen, Maria S, Stagsted, Lotte V W, Ebbesen, Karoline K, Hansen, Thomas B, Kjems, Jørgen
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Nature Publishing Group 01.11.2019
Schlagworte:
Biosynthesis
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Computational neuroscience
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism
Humans
MicroRNAs - biosynthesis
MicroRNAs - genetics
miRNA
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Nervous System Diseases - genetics
Nervous System Diseases - metabolism
Neurological diseases
RNA, Circular - biosynthesis
RNA, Circular - genetics
RNA, Neoplasm - biosynthesis
RNA, Neoplasm - genetics
ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, endogenous biomolecules in eukaryotes with tissue-specific and cell-specific expression patterns, whose biogenesis is regulated by specific cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. Some circRNAs are abundant and evolutionarily conserved, and many circRNAs exert important biological functions by acting as microRNA or protein inhibitors ('sponges'), by regulating protein function or by being translated themselves. Furthermore, circRNAs have been implicated in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Although the circular nature of these transcripts makes their detection, quantification and functional characterization challenging, recent advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing and circRNA-specific computational tools have driven the development of state-of-the-art approaches for their identification, and novel approaches to functional characterization are emerging.
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ISSN:1471-0056
1471-0064
1471-0064
DOI:10.1038/s41576-019-0158-7