Biomass and leaf-level gas exchange characteristics of three African savanna C₄ grass species under optimum growth conditions

C₄ savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens, were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of characterizing their above- and below-ground biomass allocation and the response of their gas exchange to changes in light intensity, CO₂ concentration...

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Vydáno v:	African journal of ecology Ročník 47; číslo 4; s. 482 - 489
Hlavní autoři:	Mantlana, K.B, Veenendaal, E.M, Arneth, A, Grispen, V, Bonyongo, C.M, Heitkonig, I.G, Lloyd, J
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Témata:	above- and below-ground biomass aboveground biomass belowground biomass Biomass Biomass energy botswana C4 grasses C4 plants carbon Carbon dioxide Conductance C₄ grasses Digitaria eriantha drought dry matter partitioning elevated co2 Eragrostis lehmanniana Gas exchange gas exchange characteristics Gases Grasses Grasslands Growth conditions humidity leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit Light intensity Okavango Delta Panicum repens photosynthesis Plant growth plants responses Savannahs savannas stomata Stomatal conductance stomatal movement Vapor pressure Water use Water use efficiency yield Africa
ISSN:	0141-6707, 1365-2028
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Abstract	C₄ savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens, were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of characterizing their above- and below-ground biomass allocation and the response of their gas exchange to changes in light intensity, CO₂ concentration and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit gradient (Dl). Digitaria eriantha showed the largest above- and below-ground biomass, high efficiency in carbon gain under light-limiting conditions, high water use efficiency (WUE) and strong stomatal sensitivity to Dl (P = 0.002; r² = 0.5). Panicum repens had a high aboveground biomass and attained high light saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat, 47 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), stomatal conductance, (gsat, 0.25 mol m⁻² s⁻¹) at relatively high WUE. Eragrostis lehmanniana had almost half the biomass of other species, and had similar Asat and gsat but were attained at lower WUE than the other species. This species also showed the weakest stomatal response to Dl (P = 0.19, r² = 0. 1). The potential ecological significance of the contrasting patterns of biomass allocation and variations in gas exchange parameters among the species are discussed.
AbstractList	C₄ savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens, were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of characterizing their above- and below-ground biomass allocation and the response of their gas exchange to changes in light intensity, CO₂ concentration and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit gradient (Dl). Digitaria eriantha showed the largest above- and below-ground biomass, high efficiency in carbon gain under light-limiting conditions, high water use efficiency (WUE) and strong stomatal sensitivity to Dl (P = 0.002; r² = 0.5). Panicum repens had a high aboveground biomass and attained high light saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat, 47 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), stomatal conductance, (gsat, 0.25 mol m⁻² s⁻¹) at relatively high WUE. Eragrostis lehmanniana had almost half the biomass of other species, and had similar Asat and gsat but were attained at lower WUE than the other species. This species also showed the weakest stomatal response to Dl (P = 0.19, r² = 0. 1). The potential ecological significance of the contrasting patterns of biomass allocation and variations in gas exchange parameters among the species are discussed. C4 savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens, were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of characterizing their above- and below-ground biomass allocation and the response of their gas exchange to changes in light intensity, CO2 concentration and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit gradient (Dl). Digitaria eriantha showed the largest above- and below-ground biomass, high efficiency in carbon gain under light-limiting conditions, high water use efficiency (WUE) and strong stomatal sensitivity to Dl (P = 0.002; r2 = 0.5). Panicum repens had a high aboveground biomass and attained high light saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat, 47 ¿mol m¿2 s¿1), stomatal conductance, (gsat, 0.25 mol m¿2 s¿1) at relatively high WUE. Eragrostis lehmanniana had almost half the biomass of other species, and had similar Asat and gsat but were attained at lower WUE than the other species. This species also showed the weakest stomatal response to Dl (P = 0.19, r2 = 0. 1). The potential ecological significance of the contrasting patterns of biomass allocation and variations in gas exchange parameters among the species are discussed C4 savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens, were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of characterizing their above‐ and below‐ground biomass allocation and the response of their gas exchange to changes in light intensity, CO2 concentration and leaf‐to‐air vapour pressure deficit gradient (Dl). Digitaria eriantha showed the largest above‐ and below‐ground biomass, high efficiency in carbon gain under light‐limiting conditions, high water use efficiency (WUE) and strong stomatal sensitivity to Dl (P = 0.002; r2 = 0.5). Panicum repens had a high aboveground biomass and attained high light saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat, 47 μmol m−2 s−1), stomatal conductance, (gsat, 0.25 mol m−2 s−1) at relatively high WUE. Eragrostis lehmanniana had almost half the biomass of other species, and had similar Asat and gsat but were attained at lower WUE than the other species. This species also showed the weakest stomatal response to Dl (P = 0.19, r2 = 0. 1). The potential ecological significance of the contrasting patterns of biomass allocation and variations in gas exchange parameters among the species are discussed. Résumé On a fait pousser des espèces herbeuses de savane de type C4, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana et Panicum repens, dans des conditions optimales dans le but de caractériser l’allocation de leur biomasse aérienne et racinaire et la réponse de leur échange gazeux à des changements d’intensité de la lumière, de concentrations de CO2, et à un gradient déficitaire (Dl) de pression de vapeur feuille‐air. D. eriantha montrait la plus grande biomasse aérienne et racinaire, une grande efficience de l’assimilation de carbone dans des conditions de luminosité limitée, une grande efficience d’utilisation de l’eau (WUE) et une forte sensibilité des stomates à Dl (P = 0,002; r2 = 0,5). P. repens avait une grande biomasse aérienne et atteignait des taux photosynthétiques élevés en lumière saturée (Asat, 47 μmol m−2 s−1), et une conductance stomatique (gsat 0.25 mol m−2 s−1) à une WUE relativement élevée. E. lehmanniana avait une biomasse qui était presque la moitié de celle des autres espèces et avait un Asat et un gsat similaires mais qui étaient atteints à une WUE plus basse que les autres espèces. Cette espèce montrait aussi la plus faible réponse stomatique àDl (P = 0,19, r2 = 0,1). L’on discute de la signification écologique potentielle de ces schémas contrastés d’allocations de biomasse et des variations des paramètres des échanges gazeux entre les espèces. C4 savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens , were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of characterizing their above- and below-ground biomass allocation and the response of their gas exchange to changes in light intensity, CO2 concentration and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit gradient ( D l). Digitaria eriantha showed the largest above- and below-ground biomass, high efficiency in carbon gain under light-limiting conditions, high water use efficiency (WUE) and strong stomatal sensitivity to D l ( P = 0.002; r 2 = 0.5). Panicum repens had a high aboveground biomass and attained high light saturated photosynthetic rates ( A sat, 47 μmol m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance, ( g sat, 0.25 mol m-2 s-1) at relatively high WUE. Eragrostis lehmanniana had almost half the biomass of other species, and had similar A sat and g sat but were attained at lower WUE than the other species. This species also showed the weakest stomatal response to D l ( P = 0.19, r 2 = 0. 1). The potential ecological significance of the contrasting patterns of biomass allocation and variations in gas exchange parameters among the species are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author	Grispen, V. Lloyd, J. Mantlana, K. B. Bonyongo, C. M. Heitkonig, I. G. Arneth, A. Veenendaal, E. M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 fullname: Mantlana, K.B – sequence: 2 fullname: Veenendaal, E.M – sequence: 3 fullname: Arneth, A – sequence: 4 fullname: Grispen, V – sequence: 5 fullname: Bonyongo, C.M – sequence: 6 fullname: Heitkonig, I.G – sequence: 7 fullname: Lloyd, J
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Biol. 7, 693-707. – reference: Veenendaal, E.M., Shushu, D.D. & Scurlock, J.M.O. (1993) Responses to shading of seedlings of savanna grasses (with different C4 photosynthetic pathways) in Botswana. J. Trop. Ecol. 9, 213-229. – reference: Beale, C.V., Morison, J.I.L. & Long, S.P. (1999) Water use efficiency of C4 perennial grasses in a temperate climate. Agric. For. Meteorol. 96, 103-115. – reference: Bunce, J.A. (1983) Differential sensitivity to humidity of daily photosynthesis in the field in C3 and C4 species. Oecologia 57, 262-265. – reference: Ripley, B.S., Gilbert, M.E., Ibrahim, D.G. & Osborne, C.P. (2007) Drought constraints on C4 photosynthesis: stomatal and metabolic limitations in C3 and C4 subspecies of Alloteropsis semialata. J. Exp. Bot. 58, 1351-1363. – reference: Roumet, C. & Roy, J. (1996) Prediction of the growth response to elevated CO2: a search for physiological criteria in closely related grass species. New Phytol. 134, 615-621. – reference: Maroco, J.P., Pereira, J.S. & Chaves, M.M. (1997) Stomatal responses to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit in Sahelian species. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 24, 381-387. – reference: Roderick, M.L. & Cochrane, M.J. (2002) On the conservative nature of the leaf mass-area relationship. Anal. Bot. 89, 537-542. – reference: Ehleringer, J.R. & Pearcy, R.W. (1983) Variations in quantum yields among C3 and C4 plants. Plant Physiol. 73, 555-559. – reference: Lambers, H. & Poorter, H. (1992) Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: a search for physiological causes and ecological consequences. Adv. Ecol. Res. 23, 87-261. – reference: Farquhar, G.D. & Sharkey, T.D. (1982) Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33, 317-346. – reference: Van Bommel, F.P.J., Heitkonig, I.M.A., Epema, G.F., Ringrose, S., Bonyongo, C. & Veenendaal, E.M. 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Snippet	C₄ savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens, were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of... C4 savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens, were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of... C4 savanna grass species, Digitaria eriantha, Eragrostis lehmanniana and Panicum repens , were grown under optimum growth conditions with the aim of...
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SubjectTerms	above- and below-ground biomass aboveground biomass belowground biomass Biomass Biomass energy botswana C4 grasses C4 plants carbon Carbon dioxide Conductance C₄ grasses Digitaria eriantha drought dry matter partitioning elevated co2 Eragrostis lehmanniana Gas exchange gas exchange characteristics Gases Grasses Grasslands Growth conditions humidity leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit Light intensity Okavango Delta Panicum repens photosynthesis Plant growth plants responses Savannahs savannas stomata Stomatal conductance stomatal movement Vapor pressure Water use Water use efficiency yield
Title	Biomass and leaf-level gas exchange characteristics of three African savanna C₄ grass species under optimum growth conditions
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