Problem-based learning vs traditional method in the development of competencies in students in the health area. A systematic review

Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogical approach based on self-directed learning. It is increasingly used in medical education and there are contradictions about its superiority with respect to traditional learning methods.Objective: Compare PBL with the traditio...

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Veröffentlicht in:Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología Jg. 4
Hauptverfasser: Vélez Silva, Vicenta Nazaela, Palma Zambrano, Génesis Adriana, Borroto Cruz, Eugenio Radamés
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 06.09.2024
ISSN:2796-9711
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Abstract Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogical approach based on self-directed learning. It is increasingly used in medical education and there are contradictions about its superiority with respect to traditional learning methods.Objective: Compare PBL with the traditional method in the development of competencies in students in the health areaMethodology: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in specialized databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane, ERIC and Scielo were used. A search strategy based on Mesh terms and Boolean operators was used. Free access publications were selected, up to 10 years old, with a level of compliance with the PRISMA checklist >95%.Results: 446 eligible articles were identified, of which only 13 were selected, of which 10 were systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Students from various medical disciplines were included. No statistically significant differences were reported between both study methods in 3 articles (p>0.05); while, in 10 articles, it was concluded that the PBL method is superior to traditional learning methods (p<0.05). Although most authors agree that PBL is superior to traditional methods, they also conclude that it is necessary to provide more evidence in this regard.Conclusions: PBL appears to be superior to traditional learning methods in medical education; However, there is not enough evidence to support this approach. It is necessary to deepen the comparative study of both learning methods.
AbstractList Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogical approach based on self-directed learning. It is increasingly used in medical education and there are contradictions about its superiority with respect to traditional learning methods.Objective: Compare PBL with the traditional method in the development of competencies in students in the health areaMethodology: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in specialized databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane, ERIC and Scielo were used. A search strategy based on Mesh terms and Boolean operators was used. Free access publications were selected, up to 10 years old, with a level of compliance with the PRISMA checklist >95%.Results: 446 eligible articles were identified, of which only 13 were selected, of which 10 were systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Students from various medical disciplines were included. No statistically significant differences were reported between both study methods in 3 articles (p>0.05); while, in 10 articles, it was concluded that the PBL method is superior to traditional learning methods (p<0.05). Although most authors agree that PBL is superior to traditional methods, they also conclude that it is necessary to provide more evidence in this regard.Conclusions: PBL appears to be superior to traditional learning methods in medical education; However, there is not enough evidence to support this approach. It is necessary to deepen the comparative study of both learning methods.
Author Vélez Silva, Vicenta Nazaela
Borroto Cruz, Eugenio Radamés
Palma Zambrano, Génesis Adriana
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