Differential Requirements for the RAD51 Paralogs in Genome Repair and Maintenance in Human Cells
Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells an...
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| Published in: | PLoS genetics Vol. 15; no. 10; p. e1008355 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science
04.10.2019
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| ISSN: | 1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404 |
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| Abstract | Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers. |
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| AbstractList | Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers. Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers. The five classical RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] are important components of the homologous recombination pathway that preserves genomic integrity and protects against cancer. Recently, two RAD51 paralogs have been clearly identified as tumor suppressors and the other three paralogs have been found to be mutated in some tumors. As well, two RAD51 paralogs have been reported to be Fanconi anemia proteins. Thus, there is renewed interest in the RAD51 paralogs from a human health concern and the need for isogenic human cell lines to evaluate tumor-derived mutations and support biochemical approaches aimed at understanding their molecular functions. Here we provide three coherent sets of isogenic mutants, both in transformed and non-transformed human cells. Importantly, using these mutant lines, we report the unanticipated result that RAD51B has a less crucial role in homologous recombination than the other four paralogs, and find that all RAD51 paralogs are critically important for early functions during homologous recombination. Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemo-therapeutic resistance deployed by cancers. Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers.Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Gon, Stéphanie Garcin, Edwige B. Eberth, Sonja Prakash, Rohit Jasin, Maria Bernstein, Kara A. Giovannangeli, Carine Dirks, Wilhelm G. Concordet, Jean-Paul Sullivan, Meghan R. Brunette, Gregory J. Cian, Anne De Modesti, Mauro |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Cancer Research Center of Marseille; CNRS; Inserm; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France 4 Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German, Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany Columbia University, UNITED STATES 2 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America 3 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Inserm U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France 5 Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America – name: Columbia University, UNITED STATES – name: 1 Cancer Research Center of Marseille; CNRS; Inserm; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France – name: 3 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Inserm U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France – name: 4 Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German, Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany – name: 2 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Edwige B. orcidid: 0000-0002-0533-6940 surname: Garcin fullname: Garcin, Edwige B. – sequence: 2 givenname: Stéphanie surname: Gon fullname: Gon, Stéphanie – sequence: 3 givenname: Meghan R. surname: Sullivan fullname: Sullivan, Meghan R. – sequence: 4 givenname: Gregory J. orcidid: 0000-0002-3829-9031 surname: Brunette fullname: Brunette, Gregory J. – sequence: 5 givenname: Anne De orcidid: 0000-0002-1737-2543 surname: Cian fullname: Cian, Anne De – sequence: 6 givenname: Jean-Paul surname: Concordet fullname: Concordet, Jean-Paul – sequence: 7 givenname: Carine surname: Giovannangeli fullname: Giovannangeli, Carine – sequence: 8 givenname: Wilhelm G. surname: Dirks fullname: Dirks, Wilhelm G. – sequence: 9 givenname: Sonja orcidid: 0000-0002-5796-2089 surname: Eberth fullname: Eberth, Sonja – sequence: 10 givenname: Kara A. orcidid: 0000-0003-2247-6459 surname: Bernstein fullname: Bernstein, Kara A. – sequence: 11 givenname: Rohit orcidid: 0000-0001-5981-8980 surname: Prakash fullname: Prakash, Rohit – sequence: 12 givenname: Maria orcidid: 0000-0002-7976-2379 surname: Jasin fullname: Jasin, Maria – sequence: 13 givenname: Mauro surname: Modesti fullname: Modesti, Mauro |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31584931$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-02383639$$DView record in HAL |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science 2019 Garcin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Attribution 2019 Garcin et al 2019 Garcin et al |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008355 |
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| Keywords | Polymerase chain reaction Cell disruption Cloning Guide RNA Plasmid construction Genetic loci Complement system Analysis of variance |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | new_version ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 The authors declare no competing interests. |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3829-9031 0000-0002-1737-2543 0000-0002-7976-2379 0000-0003-2247-6459 0000-0002-0533-6940 0000-0001-5981-8980 0000-0002-5796-2089 0000-0002-4964-331X 0000-0002-1513-5018 0000-0001-8924-4316 0000-0002-7715-8864 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008355 |
| PMID | 31584931 |
| PQID | 2314934228 |
| PQPubID | 1436339 |
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| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20191004 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-10-04 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2019 text: 20191004 day: 4 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, CA USA |
| PublicationTitle | PLoS genetics |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS Genet |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Title | Differential Requirements for the RAD51 Paralogs in Genome Repair and Maintenance in Human Cells |
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