Differential Requirements for the RAD51 Paralogs in Genome Repair and Maintenance in Human Cells

Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells an...

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Published in:PLoS genetics Vol. 15; no. 10; p. e1008355
Main Authors: Garcin, Edwige B., Gon, Stéphanie, Sullivan, Meghan R., Brunette, Gregory J., Cian, Anne De, Concordet, Jean-Paul, Giovannangeli, Carine, Dirks, Wilhelm G., Eberth, Sonja, Bernstein, Kara A., Prakash, Rohit, Jasin, Maria, Modesti, Mauro
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 04.10.2019
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ISSN:1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
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Abstract Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers.
AbstractList Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers.
Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers. The five classical RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] are important components of the homologous recombination pathway that preserves genomic integrity and protects against cancer. Recently, two RAD51 paralogs have been clearly identified as tumor suppressors and the other three paralogs have been found to be mutated in some tumors. As well, two RAD51 paralogs have been reported to be Fanconi anemia proteins. Thus, there is renewed interest in the RAD51 paralogs from a human health concern and the need for isogenic human cell lines to evaluate tumor-derived mutations and support biochemical approaches aimed at understanding their molecular functions. Here we provide three coherent sets of isogenic mutants, both in transformed and non-transformed human cells. Importantly, using these mutant lines, we report the unanticipated result that RAD51B has a less crucial role in homologous recombination than the other four paralogs, and find that all RAD51 paralogs are critically important for early functions during homologous recombination.
Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemo-therapeutic resistance deployed by cancers.
Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers.Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers.
Audience Academic
Author Gon, Stéphanie
Garcin, Edwige B.
Eberth, Sonja
Prakash, Rohit
Jasin, Maria
Bernstein, Kara A.
Giovannangeli, Carine
Dirks, Wilhelm G.
Concordet, Jean-Paul
Sullivan, Meghan R.
Brunette, Gregory J.
Cian, Anne De
Modesti, Mauro
AuthorAffiliation 1 Cancer Research Center of Marseille; CNRS; Inserm; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
4 Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German, Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
Columbia University, UNITED STATES
2 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
3 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Inserm U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
5 Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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– name: 4 Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German, Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
– name: 2 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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  surname: Garcin
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31584931$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science
2019 Garcin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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– notice: 2019 Garcin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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ISSN 1553-7404
1553-7390
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IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
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IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Keywords Polymerase chain reaction
Cell disruption
Cloning
Guide RNA
Plasmid construction
Genetic loci
Complement system
Analysis of variance
Language English
License Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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The authors declare no competing interests.
ORCID 0000-0002-3829-9031
0000-0002-1737-2543
0000-0002-7976-2379
0000-0003-2247-6459
0000-0002-0533-6940
0000-0001-5981-8980
0000-0002-5796-2089
0000-0002-4964-331X
0000-0002-1513-5018
0000-0001-8924-4316
0000-0002-7715-8864
OpenAccessLink http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008355
PMID 31584931
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Snippet Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi...
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SubjectTerms Anemia
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Cancer
Cell culture
Cell Nucleus - genetics
Cells (Biology)
Chemoresistance
Chemotherapy
Chromatids - genetics
Cloning
CRISPR
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Developmental biology
DNA
DNA Damage - genetics
DNA repair
DNA Repair - genetics
DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
Epithelial cells
Fanconi syndrome
Fanconi's anemia
Funding
Genes
Genome, Human - genetics
Genomes
Genomics
HEK293 Cells
Homologous Recombination - genetics
Humans
Ionizing radiation
Life Sciences
Mammary gland
Medical equipment industry
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microorganisms
Mitomycin
Mitomycin C
Molecular biology
Museums
Mutation
Olaparib
Phenotypes
Physical Sciences
Rad51 Recombinase - genetics
Recombination
Research and Analysis Methods
Supervision
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Title Differential Requirements for the RAD51 Paralogs in Genome Repair and Maintenance in Human Cells
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6795472
https://doaj.org/article/edf562de560749c6ba7db2b329674714
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008355
Volume 15
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