Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis

The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. We estimated the i...

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Published in:The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 381; no. 9875; pp. 1380 - 1390
Main Authors: Nair, Harish, Simões, Eric AF, Rudan, Igor, Gessner, Bradford D, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Zhang, Jian Shayne F, Feikin, Daniel R, Mackenzie, Grant A, Moiïsi, Jennifer C, Roca, Anna, Baggett, Henry C, Zaman, Syed MA, Singleton, Rosalyn J, Lucero, Marilla G, Chandran, Aruna, Gentile, Angela, Cohen, Cheryl, Krishnan, Anand, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Arguedas, Adriano, Clara, Alexey Wilfrido, Andrade, Ana Lucia, Ope, Maurice, Ruvinsky, Raúl Oscar, Hortal, María, McCracken, John P, Madhi, Shabir A, Bruce, Nigel, Qazi, Shamim A, Morris, Saul S, El Arifeen, Shams, Weber, Martin W, Scott, J Anthony G, Brooks, W Abdullah, Breiman, Robert F, Campbell, Harry
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 20.04.2013
Elsevier
Elsevier Limited
Lancet Publishing Group
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ISSN:0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X
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Abstract The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. WHO.
AbstractList The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010.BACKGROUNDThe annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010.We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies.METHODSWe estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies.We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3-13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1-4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265,000 (95% CI 160,000-450,000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals.FINDINGSWe identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3-13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1-4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265,000 (95% CI 160,000-450,000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals.Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities.INTERPRETATIONSevere ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities.WHO.FUNDINGWHO.
BACKGROUND: The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. METHODS: We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. FINDINGS: We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. INTERPRETATION: Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. FUNDING: WHO.
The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. WHO.
Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. Findings We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11 times 9 million (95% CI 10 times 3-13 times 9 million) episodes of severe and 3 times 0 million (2 times 1-4 times 2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265[puncsp]000 (95% CI 160[puncsp]000-450[puncsp]000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Interpretation Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. Funding WHO.
The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. Findings We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3-13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1-4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000-450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Interpretation Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. Funding WHO.
SummaryBackgroundThe annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010.MethodsWe estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies.FindingsWe identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals.InterpretationSevere ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities.FundingWHO.
Summary Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. Findings We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Interpretation Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. Funding WHO.
Author Campbell, Harry
Chandran, Aruna
Madhi, Shabir A
Breiman, Robert F
Ope, Maurice
McCracken, John P
Gessner, Bradford D
Hortal, María
Lucero, Marilla G
Qazi, Shamim A
Weber, Martin W
Nair, Harish
Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo
Arguedas, Adriano
Roca, Anna
Zaman, Syed MA
Baggett, Henry C
El Arifeen, Shams
Morris, Saul S
Clara, Alexey Wilfrido
Krishnan, Anand
Rudan, Igor
Brooks, W Abdullah
Gentile, Angela
Singleton, Rosalyn J
Simões, Eric AF
Cohen, Cheryl
Andrade, Ana Lucia
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Ruvinsky, Raúl Oscar
Moiïsi, Jennifer C
Zhang, Jian Shayne F
Scott, J Anthony G
Bruce, Nigel
Mackenzie, Grant A
Feikin, Daniel R
AuthorAffiliation h Social Insurance Fund Management Centre, Jiangsu, China
j Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
a Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
t Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
aj International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ai Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
g School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
af Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala
b Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
ac East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania
p Health Protection Services Colindale, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
ag University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
o International Emerging Infections Program, Global Disease Detection Regional Centre, Thailand MOPH—US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
q Arctic Investigations Program, National Center
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: aj International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
– name: v School of Public Health and Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
– name: ah Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
– name: a Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
– name: ad National University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
– name: af Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala
– name: k Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia
– name: x Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
– name: z Instituto de Atención Pediatrica, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Centro América, San José, Costa Rica
– name: ab Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
– name: ak WHO, Indonesia Country Office, Jakarta, Indonesia
– name: h Social Insurance Fund Management Centre, Jiangsu, China
– name: e Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France
– name: j Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
– name: q Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK, USA
– name: s Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines
– name: m Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
– name: ae Program for Basic Sciences Development, National University/PNUD, Montevideo, Uruguay
– name: d The University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
– name: ag University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
– name: i Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
– name: o International Emerging Infections Program, Global Disease Detection Regional Centre, Thailand MOPH—US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
– name: p Health Protection Services Colindale, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
– name: u Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa
– name: b Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
– name: aa CDC-Central American Region, Guatemala City, Guatemala
– name: n Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Ministerio de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
– name: t Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
– name: f Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
– name: w Department of Science and Technology, and National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
– name: r Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
– name: g School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
– name: ai Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
– name: y Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
– name: c University of Colorado Denver and Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, USA
– name: l Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
– name: ac East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Harish
  surname: Nair
  fullname: Nair, Harish
  email: harish.nair@ed.ac.uk
  organization: Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Eric AF
  surname: Simões
  fullname: Simões, Eric AF
  organization: University of Colorado Denver and Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Igor
  surname: Rudan
  fullname: Rudan, Igor
  organization: Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Bradford D
  surname: Gessner
  fullname: Gessner, Bradford D
  organization: Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Eduardo
  surname: Azziz-Baumgartner
  fullname: Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo
  organization: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Jian Shayne F
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Jian Shayne F
  organization: School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Daniel R
  surname: Feikin
  fullname: Feikin, Daniel R
  organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Grant A
  surname: Mackenzie
  fullname: Mackenzie, Grant A
  organization: Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Jennifer C
  surname: Moiïsi
  fullname: Moiïsi, Jennifer C
  organization: Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Anna
  surname: Roca
  fullname: Roca, Anna
  organization: Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Henry C
  surname: Baggett
  fullname: Baggett, Henry C
  organization: International Emerging Infections Program, Global Disease Detection Regional Centre, Thailand MOPH—US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Syed MA
  surname: Zaman
  fullname: Zaman, Syed MA
  organization: Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Rosalyn J
  surname: Singleton
  fullname: Singleton, Rosalyn J
  organization: Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK, USA
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Marilla G
  surname: Lucero
  fullname: Lucero, Marilla G
  organization: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Aruna
  surname: Chandran
  fullname: Chandran, Aruna
  organization: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Angela
  surname: Gentile
  fullname: Gentile, Angela
  organization: Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Cheryl
  surname: Cohen
  fullname: Cohen, Cheryl
  organization: Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Anand
  surname: Krishnan
  fullname: Krishnan, Anand
  organization: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Zulfiqar A
  surname: Bhutta
  fullname: Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
  organization: Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Adriano
  surname: Arguedas
  fullname: Arguedas, Adriano
  organization: Instituto de Atención Pediatrica, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Centro América, San José, Costa Rica
– sequence: 21
  givenname: Alexey Wilfrido
  surname: Clara
  fullname: Clara, Alexey Wilfrido
  organization: CDC-Central American Region, Guatemala City, Guatemala
– sequence: 22
  givenname: Ana Lucia
  surname: Andrade
  fullname: Andrade, Ana Lucia
  organization: Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
– sequence: 23
  givenname: Maurice
  surname: Ope
  fullname: Ope, Maurice
  organization: East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania
– sequence: 24
  givenname: Raúl Oscar
  surname: Ruvinsky
  fullname: Ruvinsky, Raúl Oscar
  organization: National University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
– sequence: 25
  givenname: María
  surname: Hortal
  fullname: Hortal, María
  organization: Program for Basic Sciences Development, National University/PNUD, Montevideo, Uruguay
– sequence: 26
  givenname: John P
  surname: McCracken
  fullname: McCracken, John P
  organization: Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala
– sequence: 27
  givenname: Shabir A
  surname: Madhi
  fullname: Madhi, Shabir A
  organization: Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa
– sequence: 28
  givenname: Nigel
  surname: Bruce
  fullname: Bruce, Nigel
  organization: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
– sequence: 29
  givenname: Shamim A
  surname: Qazi
  fullname: Qazi, Shamim A
  organization: Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
– sequence: 30
  givenname: Saul S
  surname: Morris
  fullname: Morris, Saul S
  organization: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
– sequence: 31
  givenname: Shams
  surname: El Arifeen
  fullname: El Arifeen, Shams
  organization: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
– sequence: 32
  givenname: Martin W
  surname: Weber
  fullname: Weber, Martin W
  organization: WHO, Indonesia Country Office, Jakarta, Indonesia
– sequence: 33
  givenname: J Anthony G
  surname: Scott
  fullname: Scott, J Anthony G
  organization: Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
– sequence: 34
  givenname: W Abdullah
  surname: Brooks
  fullname: Brooks, W Abdullah
  organization: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
– sequence: 35
  givenname: Robert F
  surname: Breiman
  fullname: Breiman, Robert F
  organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
– sequence: 36
  givenname: Harry
  surname: Campbell
  fullname: Campbell, Harry
  organization: Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Copyright 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved.
World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved.
2014 INIST-CNRS
Copyright © 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Copyright Elsevier Limited Apr 20, 2013
2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. 2013
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– notice: Copyright Elsevier Limited Apr 20, 2013
– notice: 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. 2013
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Issue 9875
Keywords Human
Preschool age
Medicine
Statistical analysis
Respiratory disease
Hospital admission
Acute
Regional
Severe
Respiratory system infection
Child
Public health
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
Copyright © 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This document may be redistributed and reused, subject to certain conditions.
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Snippet The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown....
Summary Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children...
BACKGROUND: The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide...
SummaryBackgroundThe annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children...
Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide...
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SubjectTerms Acute Disease
Biological and medical sciences
boys
Child, Preschool
Children
Children & youth
Chinese languages
Developing countries
Disease control
Estimates
Fatalities
Female
General aspects
Girls
Global Health
Health facilities
health services
Hospital Mortality
Hospitalization
Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data
Hospitals
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Infections
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
Influenza, Human - epidemiology
Influenza, Human - mortality
Internal Medicine
Language
LDCs
Male
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Mortality
Pneumonia
Population
Population statistics
Population studies
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Respiratory tract infection
Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - mortality
Rural communities
Sensitivity analysis
Sex
Studies
Surveillance
Systematic review
Working groups
World Health Organization
Title Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis
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Volume 381
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