Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis
The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. We estimated the i...
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| Published in: | The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 381; no. 9875; pp. 1380 - 1390 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
20.04.2013
Elsevier Elsevier Limited Lancet Publishing Group |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010.
We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies.
We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals.
Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities.
WHO. |
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| AbstractList | The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010.BACKGROUNDThe annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010.We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies.METHODSWe estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies.We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3-13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1-4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265,000 (95% CI 160,000-450,000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals.FINDINGSWe identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3-13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1-4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265,000 (95% CI 160,000-450,000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals.Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities.INTERPRETATIONSevere ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities.WHO.FUNDINGWHO. BACKGROUND: The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. METHODS: We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. FINDINGS: We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. INTERPRETATION: Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. FUNDING: WHO. The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. WHO. Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. Findings We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11 times 9 million (95% CI 10 times 3-13 times 9 million) episodes of severe and 3 times 0 million (2 times 1-4 times 2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265[puncsp]000 (95% CI 160[puncsp]000-450[puncsp]000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Interpretation Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. Funding WHO. The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. Findings We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3-13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1-4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000-450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Interpretation Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. Funding WHO. SummaryBackgroundThe annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010.MethodsWe estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies.FindingsWe identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals.InterpretationSevere ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities.FundingWHO. Summary Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of admissions and deaths for such infections in children younger than 5 years in 2010. Methods We estimated the incidence of admissions for severe and very severe ALRI in children younger than 5 years, stratified by age and region, with data from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and March 31, 2012, and from 28 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these incidence estimates to population estimates for 2010, to calculate the global and regional burden in children admitted with severe ALRI in that year. We estimated in-hospital mortality due to severe and very severe ALRI by combining incidence estimates with case fatality ratios from hospital-based studies. Findings We identified 89 eligible studies and estimated that in 2010, 11·9 million (95% CI 10·3–13·9 million) episodes of severe and 3·0 million (2·1–4·2 million) episodes of very severe ALRI resulted in hospital admissions in young children worldwide. Incidence was higher in boys than in girls, the sex disparity being greatest in South Asian studies. On the basis of data from 37 hospital studies reporting case fatality ratios for severe ALRI, we estimated that roughly 265 000 (95% CI 160 000–450 000) in-hospital deaths took place in young children, with 99% of these deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the data suggest that although 62% of children with severe ALRI are treated in hospitals, 81% of deaths happen outside hospitals. Interpretation Severe ALRI is a substantial burden on health services worldwide and a major cause of hospital referral and admission in young children. Improved hospital access and reduced inequities, such as those related to sex and rural status, could substantially decrease mortality related to such infection. Community-based management of severe disease could be an important complementary strategy to reduce pneumonia mortality and health inequities. Funding WHO. |
| Author | Campbell, Harry Chandran, Aruna Madhi, Shabir A Breiman, Robert F Ope, Maurice McCracken, John P Gessner, Bradford D Hortal, María Lucero, Marilla G Qazi, Shamim A Weber, Martin W Nair, Harish Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Arguedas, Adriano Roca, Anna Zaman, Syed MA Baggett, Henry C El Arifeen, Shams Morris, Saul S Clara, Alexey Wilfrido Krishnan, Anand Rudan, Igor Brooks, W Abdullah Gentile, Angela Singleton, Rosalyn J Simões, Eric AF Cohen, Cheryl Andrade, Ana Lucia Bhutta, Zulfiqar A Ruvinsky, Raúl Oscar Moiïsi, Jennifer C Zhang, Jian Shayne F Scott, J Anthony G Bruce, Nigel Mackenzie, Grant A Feikin, Daniel R |
| AuthorAffiliation | h Social Insurance Fund Management Centre, Jiangsu, China j Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA a Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK t Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina aj International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh ai Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA g School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia af Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala b Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India ac East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania p Health Protection Services Colindale, Health Protection Agency, London, UK ag University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK o International Emerging Infections Program, Global Disease Detection Regional Centre, Thailand MOPH—US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand q Arctic Investigations Program, National Center |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: aj International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh – name: v School of Public Health and Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa – name: ah Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland – name: a Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK – name: ad National University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina – name: af Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala – name: k Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia – name: x Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India – name: z Instituto de Atención Pediatrica, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Centro América, San José, Costa Rica – name: ab Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil – name: ak WHO, Indonesia Country Office, Jakarta, Indonesia – name: h Social Insurance Fund Management Centre, Jiangsu, China – name: e Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France – name: j Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – name: q Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK, USA – name: s Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines – name: m Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain – name: ae Program for Basic Sciences Development, National University/PNUD, Montevideo, Uruguay – name: d The University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia – name: ag University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK – name: i Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya – name: o International Emerging Infections Program, Global Disease Detection Regional Centre, Thailand MOPH—US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand – name: p Health Protection Services Colindale, Health Protection Agency, London, UK – name: u Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa – name: b Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India – name: aa CDC-Central American Region, Guatemala City, Guatemala – name: n Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Ministerio de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique – name: t Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina – name: f Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA – name: w Department of Science and Technology, and National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa – name: r Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA – name: g School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia – name: ai Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA – name: y Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan – name: c University of Colorado Denver and Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, USA – name: l Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya – name: ac East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Harish surname: Nair fullname: Nair, Harish email: harish.nair@ed.ac.uk organization: Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Eric AF surname: Simões fullname: Simões, Eric AF organization: University of Colorado Denver and Children's Hospital, Denver, CO, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Igor surname: Rudan fullname: Rudan, Igor organization: Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Bradford D surname: Gessner fullname: Gessner, Bradford D organization: Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Eduardo surname: Azziz-Baumgartner fullname: Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo organization: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Jian Shayne F surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jian Shayne F organization: School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia – sequence: 7 givenname: Daniel R surname: Feikin fullname: Feikin, Daniel R organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya – sequence: 8 givenname: Grant A surname: Mackenzie fullname: Mackenzie, Grant A organization: Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia – sequence: 9 givenname: Jennifer C surname: Moiïsi fullname: Moiïsi, Jennifer C organization: Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya – sequence: 10 givenname: Anna surname: Roca fullname: Roca, Anna organization: Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 11 givenname: Henry C surname: Baggett fullname: Baggett, Henry C organization: International Emerging Infections Program, Global Disease Detection Regional Centre, Thailand MOPH—US CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand – sequence: 12 givenname: Syed MA surname: Zaman fullname: Zaman, Syed MA organization: Child Survival Theme, The Gambia Unit, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia – sequence: 13 givenname: Rosalyn J surname: Singleton fullname: Singleton, Rosalyn J organization: Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK, USA – sequence: 14 givenname: Marilla G surname: Lucero fullname: Lucero, Marilla G organization: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines – sequence: 15 givenname: Aruna surname: Chandran fullname: Chandran, Aruna organization: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 16 givenname: Angela surname: Gentile fullname: Gentile, Angela organization: Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina – sequence: 17 givenname: Cheryl surname: Cohen fullname: Cohen, Cheryl organization: Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa – sequence: 18 givenname: Anand surname: Krishnan fullname: Krishnan, Anand organization: Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India – sequence: 19 givenname: Zulfiqar A surname: Bhutta fullname: Bhutta, Zulfiqar A organization: Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan – sequence: 20 givenname: Adriano surname: Arguedas fullname: Arguedas, Adriano organization: Instituto de Atención Pediatrica, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Centro América, San José, Costa Rica – sequence: 21 givenname: Alexey Wilfrido surname: Clara fullname: Clara, Alexey Wilfrido organization: CDC-Central American Region, Guatemala City, Guatemala – sequence: 22 givenname: Ana Lucia surname: Andrade fullname: Andrade, Ana Lucia organization: Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil – sequence: 23 givenname: Maurice surname: Ope fullname: Ope, Maurice organization: East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, Tanzania – sequence: 24 givenname: Raúl Oscar surname: Ruvinsky fullname: Ruvinsky, Raúl Oscar organization: National University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina – sequence: 25 givenname: María surname: Hortal fullname: Hortal, María organization: Program for Basic Sciences Development, National University/PNUD, Montevideo, Uruguay – sequence: 26 givenname: John P surname: McCracken fullname: McCracken, John P organization: Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala – sequence: 27 givenname: Shabir A surname: Madhi fullname: Madhi, Shabir A organization: Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa – sequence: 28 givenname: Nigel surname: Bruce fullname: Bruce, Nigel organization: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK – sequence: 29 givenname: Shamim A surname: Qazi fullname: Qazi, Shamim A organization: Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 30 givenname: Saul S surname: Morris fullname: Morris, Saul S organization: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA – sequence: 31 givenname: Shams surname: El Arifeen fullname: El Arifeen, Shams organization: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh – sequence: 32 givenname: Martin W surname: Weber fullname: Weber, Martin W organization: WHO, Indonesia Country Office, Jakarta, Indonesia – sequence: 33 givenname: J Anthony G surname: Scott fullname: Scott, J Anthony G organization: Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya – sequence: 34 givenname: W Abdullah surname: Brooks fullname: Brooks, W Abdullah organization: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh – sequence: 35 givenname: Robert F surname: Breiman fullname: Breiman, Robert F organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya – sequence: 36 givenname: Harry surname: Campbell fullname: Campbell, Harry organization: Centre for Population Health Sciences, Global Health Academy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK |
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| CODEN | LANCAO |
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| Snippet | The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide is unknown.... Summary Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children... BACKGROUND: The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide... SummaryBackgroundThe annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children... Background The annual number of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in young children worldwide... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acute Disease Biological and medical sciences boys Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Chinese languages Developing countries Disease control Estimates Fatalities Female General aspects Girls Global Health Health facilities health services Hospital Mortality Hospitalization Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Hospitals Humans Incidence Infant Infections Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - mortality Internal Medicine Language LDCs Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous Mortality Pneumonia Population Population statistics Population studies Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Respiratory tract infection Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology Respiratory Tract Infections - mortality Rural communities Sensitivity analysis Sex Studies Surveillance Systematic review Working groups World Health Organization |
| Title | Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis |
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