Transmission electron microscopic observation of body cuticle structures of phoretic and parasitic stages of Parasitaphelenchinae nematodes
Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphel...
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| Vydané v: | PloS one Ročník 12; číslo 6; s. e0179465 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
16.06.2017
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| ISSN: | 1932-6203, 1932-6203 |
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| Abstract | Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history. |
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| AbstractList | Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history. Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history.Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Yoshiga, Toyoshi Ekino, Taisuke Kanzaki, Natsumi Takeuchi-Kaneko, Yuko |
| AuthorAffiliation | Natural Resources Canada, CANADA 4 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 2 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan 1 Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan 3 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan – name: 4 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan – name: 3 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan – name: Natural Resources Canada, CANADA – name: 2 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Taisuke surname: Ekino fullname: Ekino, Taisuke – sequence: 2 givenname: Toyoshi surname: Yoshiga fullname: Yoshiga, Toyoshi – sequence: 3 givenname: Yuko surname: Takeuchi-Kaneko fullname: Takeuchi-Kaneko, Yuko – sequence: 4 givenname: Natsumi orcidid: 0000-0001-8752-1674 surname: Kanzaki fullname: Kanzaki, Natsumi |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622353$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science 2017 Ekino et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2017 Ekino et al 2017 Ekino et al |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceptualization: TE TY YT NK.Data curation: TE NK.Formal analysis: TE NK.Funding acquisition: YT NK.Investigation: TE NK.Methodology: TE TY NK.Project administration: TY NK.Resources: TY YT NK.Supervision: NK.Validation: TE NK.Visualization: TE NK.Writing – original draft: TE NK.Writing – review & editing: TE TY YT NK. Current address: Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Fushimi, Kyoto, Japan |
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| Snippet | Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adults Agriculture Animal Structures - metabolism Animal Structures - ultrastructure Animals Apomorphy Bark Beetles Biology and Life Sciences Body wall Bursaphelenchus Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus Bursaphelenchus luxuriosae Bursaphelenchus rainulfi Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Carriers Coleoptera - parasitology Computer and Information Sciences Cuticle Cuticles Ecology Electron microscopy Elytra Epicuticle Evolution Evolutionary biology Forest products Forestry Gene sequencing Hemocoel Insects Life history Medicine and Health Sciences Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Nematoda - genetics Nematoda - metabolism Nematoda - ultrastructure Nematodes Parasitaphelenchinae Parasites Parasitism Phylogeny Physiological aspects Proteins Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA, Helminth - genetics RNA, Helminth - metabolism RNA, Ribosomal - genetics RNA, Ribosomal - metabolism Roundworms rRNA Striations Transmission electron microscopy |
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| Title | Transmission electron microscopic observation of body cuticle structures of phoretic and parasitic stages of Parasitaphelenchinae nematodes |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622353 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1910480826 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1910799391 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5473575 https://doaj.org/article/aa2f82bd22ca4d91af61e592959c3a65 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179465 |
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