Transmission electron microscopic observation of body cuticle structures of phoretic and parasitic stages of Parasitaphelenchinae nematodes

Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphel...

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Vydané v:PloS one Ročník 12; číslo 6; s. e0179465
Hlavní autori: Ekino, Taisuke, Yoshiga, Toyoshi, Takeuchi-Kaneko, Yuko, Kanzaki, Natsumi
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States Public Library of Science 16.06.2017
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Abstract Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history.
AbstractList Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history.
Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history.Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. conicaudatus, B. luxuriosae, B. rainulfi; an unidentified Bursaphelenchus species, and an unidentified Parasitaphelenchus species. Nematode body cuticles usually consist of three zones, a cortical zone, a median zone, and a basal zone. The phoretic stages of Bursaphelenchus spp., isolated from the tracheal systems of longhorn beetles or the elytra of bark beetles, have a thick and radially striated basal zone. In contrast, the parasitic stage of Parasitaphelenchus sp., isolated from bark beetle hemocoel, has no radial striations in the basal zone. This difference probably reflects the peculiar ecological characteristics of the phoretic stage. A well-developed basal radially striated zone, composed of very closely linked proteins, is the zone closest to the body wall muscle. Therefore, the striation is necessary for the phoretic species to be able to seek, enter, and depart from host/carrier insects, but is not essential for internal parasites in parasitaphelenchid nematodes. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from near-full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences suggest that the cuticle structures of parasitic species have apomorphic characters, e.g., lack of striation in the basal zone, concurrent with the evolution of insect parasitism from a phoretic life history.
Audience Academic
Author Yoshiga, Toyoshi
Ekino, Taisuke
Kanzaki, Natsumi
Takeuchi-Kaneko, Yuko
AuthorAffiliation Natural Resources Canada, CANADA
4 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
2 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
1 Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
3 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
– name: 4 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
– name: 3 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
– name: Natural Resources Canada, CANADA
– name: 2 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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  givenname: Taisuke
  surname: Ekino
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  surname: Yoshiga
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  surname: Takeuchi-Kaneko
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  givenname: Natsumi
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8752-1674
  surname: Kanzaki
  fullname: Kanzaki, Natsumi
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622353$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2017 Ekino et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceptualization: TE TY YT NK.Data curation: TE NK.Formal analysis: TE NK.Funding acquisition: YT NK.Investigation: TE NK.Methodology: TE TY NK.Project administration: TY NK.Resources: TY YT NK.Supervision: NK.Validation: TE NK.Visualization: TE NK.Writing – original draft: TE NK.Writing – review & editing: TE TY YT NK.
Current address: Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Fushimi, Kyoto, Japan
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PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: San Francisco
– name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle PloS one
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS One
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Public Library of Science
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml – name: Public Library of Science
– name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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SSID ssj0053866
Score 2.448141
Snippet Using transmission electron microscopy, we examined the body cuticle ultrastructures of phoretic and parasitic stages of the parasitaphelenchid nematodes...
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SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
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Enrichment Source
StartPage e0179465
SubjectTerms Adults
Agriculture
Animal Structures - metabolism
Animal Structures - ultrastructure
Animals
Apomorphy
Bark
Beetles
Biology and Life Sciences
Body wall
Bursaphelenchus
Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus
Bursaphelenchus luxuriosae
Bursaphelenchus rainulfi
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Carriers
Coleoptera - parasitology
Computer and Information Sciences
Cuticle
Cuticles
Ecology
Electron microscopy
Elytra
Epicuticle
Evolution
Evolutionary biology
Forest products
Forestry
Gene sequencing
Hemocoel
Insects
Life history
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Nematoda - genetics
Nematoda - metabolism
Nematoda - ultrastructure
Nematodes
Parasitaphelenchinae
Parasites
Parasitism
Phylogeny
Physiological aspects
Proteins
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA, Helminth - genetics
RNA, Helminth - metabolism
RNA, Ribosomal - genetics
RNA, Ribosomal - metabolism
Roundworms
rRNA
Striations
Transmission electron microscopy
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Title Transmission electron microscopic observation of body cuticle structures of phoretic and parasitic stages of Parasitaphelenchinae nematodes
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622353
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https://doaj.org/article/aa2f82bd22ca4d91af61e592959c3a65
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179465
Volume 12
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