Giant virus diversity and host interactions through global metagenomics

Our current knowledge about nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) is largely derived from viral isolates that are co-cultivated with protists and algae. Here we reconstructed 2,074 NCLDV genomes from sampling sites across the globe by building on the rapidly increasing amount of publicly avai...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nature (London) Vol. 578; no. 7795; pp. 432 - 436
Main Authors:	Schulz, Frederik, Roux, Simon, Paez-Espino, David, Jungbluth, Sean, Walsh, David A., Denef, Vincent J., McMahon, Katherine D., Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A., Kyrpides, Nikos C., Woyke, Tanja
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.02.2020 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/158/670 631/181 631/326/171 631/326/596/2554 631/326/596/2557 Algae Analysis Animals BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Biodiversity Capsid Proteins - genetics Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA viruses DNA Viruses - classification DNA Viruses - genetics Ecosystems environmental microbiology Enzymes Eukaryotic Cells - metabolism Eukaryotic Cells - virology evolution Gene transfer Gene Transfer, Horizontal Genes Genome, Viral - genetics Genomes Genomic libraries Giant Viruses - classification Giant Viruses - genetics Horizontal transfer Host Microbial Interactions - genetics Host-virus relationships Humanities and Social Sciences Metagenomics multidisciplinary Photosynthesis Phylogenetics Phylogeny Proteins Science Science (multidisciplinary) Substrates Transport processes Varieties viral evolution Viral infections virus-host interactions Viruses United States
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	Our current knowledge about nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) is largely derived from viral isolates that are co-cultivated with protists and algae. Here we reconstructed 2,074 NCLDV genomes from sampling sites across the globe by building on the rapidly increasing amount of publicly available metagenome data. This led to an 11-fold increase in phylogenetic diversity and a parallel 10-fold expansion in functional diversity. Analysis of 58,023 major capsid proteins from large and giant viruses using metagenomic data revealed the global distribution patterns and cosmopolitan nature of these viruses. The discovered viral genomes encoded a wide range of proteins with putative roles in photosynthesis and diverse substrate transport processes, indicating that host reprogramming is probably a common strategy in the NCLDVs. Furthermore, inferences of horizontal gene transfer connected viral lineages to diverse eukaryotic hosts. We anticipate that the global diversity of NCLDVs that we describe here will establish giant viruses—which are associated with most major eukaryotic lineages—as important players in ecosystems across Earth’s biomes. Analysis of metagenomics data revealed that large and giant viruses are globally widely distributed and are associated with most major eukaryotic lineages.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 USDOE AC02-05CH11231 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
ISSN:	0028-0836 1476-4687 1476-4687
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-020-1957-x