Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations

An analysis of 16 health-related quantitative traits in approximately 350,000 individuals reveals statistically significant associations between genome-wide homozygosity and four complex traits (height, lung function, cognitive ability and educational attainment); in each case increased homozygosity...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature (London) Jg. 523; H. 7561; S. 459 - 462
Hauptverfasser: Esko, Tonu, Nutile, Teresa, Jackson, Anne U., Schurmann, Claudia, Stančáková, Alena, Zhao, Wei, Enroth, Stefan, Guo, Xiuqing, Chasman, Daniel I., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Pattaro, Cristian, Vuckovic, Dragana, Bouchard, Claude, Benton, Miles C., Drong, Alexander, Yengo, Loic, Bielak, Lawrence F., Zhi, Degui, Mägi, Reedik, Karaderi, Tugce, Liu, Tian, van der Laan, Sander W., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Barr, R. Graham, Baumeister, Sebastian E., Benjamin, Daniel J., Boerwinkle, Eric, Chanock, Stephen J., Gillham-Nasenya, Irina, Gottesman, Omri, Grodstein, Francine, Gu, Charles, Huang, Jinyan, Ingelsson, Erik, Johansson, Åsa, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kähönen, Mika, Koellinger, Philipp, Kooner, Manraj K., Lahti, Jari, Lu, Yingchang, Lundqvist, Annamari, Männistö, Satu, Matchan, Angela, Mathias, Rasika A., Meitinger, Thomas, Morrison, Alanna, Nadukuru, Rajiv, Nelis, Mari, Nieminen, Markku S., Patarcic, Inga, Peyser, Patricia A., Prokopenko, Inga, Rose, Lynda M., Sala, Cinzia, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Schmidt, Helena, Sennblad, Bengt, Seshadri, Sudha, Smith, Blair H., Smith, Jennifer A., Southam, Lorraine, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Strawbridge, Rona J., Taylor, Kent D., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Vaidya, Dhananjay, Vasankari, Tuula, Vedantam, Sailaja, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Whitfield, John B., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zaza, Gianluigi, Melbye, Mads, Bisgaard, Hans, Cooper, Richard S., Froguel, Philippe, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Ferrucci, Luigi, Scott, Robert A., Morris, Andrew D., Deloukas, Panos, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Timpson, Nicholas J., Munroe, Patricia B., Gambaro, Giovanni, Morris, Andrew P., Eriksson, Johan G., Martin, Nicholas G., Hunt, Steven C., Kaprio, Jaakko, Becker, Diane M., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Boehnke, Michael, Metspalu, Andres, Dupuis, Josée, Vollenweider, Peter, Rotter, Jerome I., Weir, David R., Chambers, John C.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 23.07.2015
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract An analysis of 16 health-related quantitative traits in approximately 350,000 individuals reveals statistically significant associations between genome-wide homozygosity and four complex traits (height, lung function, cognitive ability and educational attainment); in each case increased homozygosity associates with a decreased trait value, but no evidence was seen of an influence on blood pressure, cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Parental relatedness link to height and intelligence This consortium meta-analysis of 102 cohorts and more than 350,000 individuals investigates the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Focusing on 16 health-related quantitative traits, the authors find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in a second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment. In each case increased homozygosity associates with decreased trait value. No evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders 1 , and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness 2 . However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power 3 , 4 . Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment ( P < 1 × 10 −300 , 2.1 × 10 −6 , 2.5 × 10 −10 and 1.8 × 10 −10 , respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months’ less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples 5 , 6 , no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection 7 , this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
AbstractList Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P &lt; 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
An analysis of 16 health-related quantitative traits in approximately 350,000 individuals reveals statistically significant associations between genome-wide homozygosity and four complex traits (height, lung function, cognitive ability and educational attainment); in each case increased homozygosity associates with a decreased trait value, but no evidence was seen of an influence on blood pressure, cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Parental relatedness link to height and intelligence This consortium meta-analysis of 102 cohorts and more than 350,000 individuals investigates the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Focusing on 16 health-related quantitative traits, the authors find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in a second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment. In each case increased homozygosity associates with decreased trait value. No evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders 1 , and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness 2 . However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power 3 , 4 . Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment ( P < 1 × 10 −300 , 2.1 × 10 −6 , 2.5 × 10 −10 and 1.8 × 10 −10 , respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months’ less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples 5 , 6 , no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection 7 , this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders(1), and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness(2). However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power(3,4). Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 x 10(-300), 2.1 x 10(-6), 2.5 x 10(-10) and 1.8 x 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples(5,6), no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection(7), this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders (1), and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness (2). However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power (3,4). Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 x [10.sup.-300], 2.1 x [10.sup.-6], 2.5 x [10.sup.-10] and 1.8 x [10.sup.-10], respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples (5,6), no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection (7), this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10^sup -300^, 2.1 × 10^sup -6^,2.5310210 and 1.8 × 10^sup -10^, respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples,noevidencewas seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1 and Darwin was one of the first to recognise that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3,4. Here we use ROH to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity (SROH) and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second (FEV1), general cognitive ability (g) and educational attainment (nominal p<1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10, 1.8 × 10−10). In each case increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing convincing evidence for the first time that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5,6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
Audience Academic
Author O'Connel, Jeffrey R.
Fox, Caroline S.
Psaty, Bruce M.
Morris, Andrew D.
Nutile, Teresa
Mihailov, Evelin
Gandin, Ilaria
van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid
Caulfield, Mark J.
Allison, Matthew A.
Pirastu, Mario
Amin, Najaf
Kerr, Shona M.
Ogunniyi, Adesola
Mohlke, Karen L.
Shrestha, Smeeta
Broeckel, Ulrich
Chen, Constance
Lindgren, Cecilia M.
Jackson, Anne U.
Vuoksimaa, Eero
Afzal, Uzma
Nadukuru, Rajiv
van Setten, Jessica
Peyser, Patricia A.
Hofer, Edith
Robino, Antonietta
Palmer, Colin N. A.
Uitterlinden, Andre G.
Chandak, Giriraj R.
Esko, Tonu
Okada, Yukinori
Concas, Maria Pina
Huffman, Jennifer E.
Kaprio, Jaakko
Wang, Zhaoming
Knekt, Paul
Lind, Penelope A.
Martin, Nicholas G.
Borecki, Ingrid B.
Navarro, Pau
Wentworth-Shields, William
Stanton, Alice V.
Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
Ruggiero, Daniela
Samani, Nilesh J.
Berndt, Sonja I.
Zhu, Xiaofeng
Matchan, Angela
Campbell, Harry
Shuldiner, Alan R.
Bakker, Stephan J. L.
Hysi, Pirro G.
Ware, Erin B.
Cooper, Richard S.
Mei, Hao
Hemani, Gibran
Tönjes, Anke
Jukema, J. Wouter
van der Laan, Sander W.
Hakonarson, Hako
AuthorAffiliation 86 Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
196 Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , The Capital Region, Copenhagen, 2000, Denmark
72 Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
210 National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O.Box 30, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
25 Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, Uppsala, SE-751 08, Sweden
99 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
32 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
195 Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
9 Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A.
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 26 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
– name: 198 Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
– name: 92 Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
– name: 34 Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC) Group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
– name: 68 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e della Riproduzione, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
– name: 138 Folkhälsan Reasearch Centre, PB 63, Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
– name: 156 Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
– name: 179 Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
– name: 197 Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
– name: 217 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
– name: 48 Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz2, Graz, A-8036, Austria
– name: 131 Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, Tampere, 33521, Finland
– name: 165 Department Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 3232 West Complex, Charlottesville, 22908, USA
– name: 141 Transplantation laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
– name: 2 Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
– name: 214 Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20521, Finland
– name: 157 Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
– name: 153 Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
– name: 87 The Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
– name: 213 Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
– name: 21 Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
– name: 114 Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 4, Genève 14, 1211, Switzerland
– name: 8 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy
– name: 17 Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
– name: 10 Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
– name: 225 Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 685 W Baltimore MSTF, Baltimore, 21201, USA
– name: 136 Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
– name: 200 Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Via G. Moscati 31/34, Roma, 00168, Italy
– name: 71 Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
– name: 77 Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, 14195, Germany
– name: 63 MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
– name: 6 Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 104, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland
– name: 115 Robertson Centre, University of Glasgow, Boyd Orr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
– name: 137 Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
– name: 5 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
– name: 111 Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
– name: 183 Finnish Lung Health Association, Sibeliuksenkatu 11 A 1, Helsinki, FI-00250, Finland
– name: 58 Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
– name: 85 Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
– name: 226 BHF centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland
– name: 187 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
– name: 150 Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 50 Staniford St, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
– name: 57 Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
– name: 106 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
– name: 169 University of Dundee, Kirsty Semple Way, Dundee, DD2 4DB, UK
– name: 172 UMR INSERM U1122; IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, INSERM, University of Lorraine, 30 Rue Lionnois, Nancy, 54000, France
– name: 193 Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
– name: 221 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Oklahoma Health Sceienecs Center, Oklahoma City , 73104, USA
– name: 45 The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, Maryland, USA
– name: 112 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
– name: 145 Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
– name: 230 Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
– name: 78 Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 72, Berlin, 14195, Germany
– name: 207 Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah, 420 Chipeta Way, Room 1160, Salt Lake City, 84117, Utah, USA
– name: 27 Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center , PO Box 9600, Leiden, Netherlands
– name: 167 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, A-8010, Austria
– name: 89 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
– name: 142 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, RTP, NC, USA
– name: 83 Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
– name: 152 Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, München, 81675, Germany
– name: 222 The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA
– name: 60 NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
– name: 158 ICAMS, University of Glasgow, 126 University Way, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
– name: 3 Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Cambridge, 02141, MA, USA
– name: 59 Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
– name: 209 Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
– name: 139 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland
– name: 50 Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
– name: 67 Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
– name: 94 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL, USA
– name: 208 Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
– name: 143 Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, 02114, USA
– name: 119 Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, 660 S Euclid, St Louis, 63110, MO, USA
– name: 130 Department of Cardiology C5-P , Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, Netherlands
– name: 103 Department of Economics and Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 314C Dauterive Hall, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
– name: 95 Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093, USA
– name: 211 Department of kinesiology, Laval University, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
– name: 127 Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
– name: 218 Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard, Saint Louis, 63108, MO, USA
– name: 104 Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
– name: 196 Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , The Capital Region, Copenhagen, 2000, Denmark
– name: 55 Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
– name: 201 Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Stree, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
– name: 223 Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
– name: 155 HUCH Heart and Lung center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
– name: 101 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
– name: 166 Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
– name: 11 The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA
– name: 190 Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21225, Maryland, USA
– name: 65 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Brisbane, Australia
– name: 219 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA
– name: 51 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood, Boston, 02115, USA
– name: 202 Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
– name: 18 Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
– name: 117 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. NK, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
– name: 24 Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 137 E. Franklin St., Suite 306, 27599-8050, Chapel Hill, USA
– name: 40 Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
– name: 206 Neuro-Imaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006 Australia
– name: 109 College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, College Office, Level 10, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
– name: 113 Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. NK, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
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  surname: Esko
  fullname: Esko, Tonu
  organization: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School
– sequence: 6
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  surname: Nutile
  fullname: Nutile, Teresa
  organization: Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso” CNR
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Anne U.
  surname: Jackson
  fullname: Jackson, Anne U.
  organization: Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Claudia
  surname: Schurmann
  fullname: Schurmann, Claudia
  organization: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Alena
  surname: Stančáková
  fullname: Stančáková, Alena
  organization: Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Wei
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Wei
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Stefan
  surname: Enroth
  fullname: Enroth, Stefan
  organization: Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University
– sequence: 21
  givenname: Xiuqing
  surname: Guo
  fullname: Guo, Xiuqing
  organization: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
– sequence: 22
  givenname: Daniel I.
  surname: Chasman
  fullname: Chasman, Daniel I.
  organization: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
– sequence: 39
  givenname: Cornelius A.
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  fullname: Rietveld, Cornelius A.
  organization: Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam
– sequence: 42
  givenname: Cristian
  surname: Pattaro
  fullname: Pattaro, Cristian
  organization: Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), 39100 Bolzano, Italy (affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany)
– sequence: 47
  givenname: Dragana
  surname: Vuckovic
  fullname: Vuckovic, Dragana
  organization: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste
– sequence: 49
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  fullname: Bouchard, Claude
  organization: Pennington Biomedical Research Center
– sequence: 53
  givenname: Miles C.
  surname: Benton
  fullname: Benton, Miles C.
  organization: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology
– sequence: 58
  givenname: Alexander
  surname: Drong
  fullname: Drong, Alexander
  organization: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
– sequence: 59
  givenname: Loic
  surname: Yengo
  fullname: Yengo, Loic
  organization: CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University
– sequence: 60
  givenname: Lawrence F.
  surname: Bielak
  fullname: Bielak, Lawrence F.
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan
– sequence: 61
  givenname: Degui
  surname: Zhi
  fullname: Zhi, Degui
  organization: Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
– sequence: 64
  givenname: Reedik
  surname: Mägi
  fullname: Mägi, Reedik
  organization: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu
– sequence: 66
  givenname: Tugce
  surname: Karaderi
  fullname: Karaderi, Tugce
  organization: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
– sequence: 68
  givenname: Tian
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Tian
  organization: Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
– sequence: 73
  givenname: Sander W.
  surname: van der Laan
  fullname: van der Laan, Sander W.
  organization: Division Heart and Lungs, Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
– sequence: 87
  givenname: Folkert W.
  surname: Asselbergs
  fullname: Asselbergs, Folkert W.
  organization: Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London
– sequence: 89
  givenname: R. Graham
  surname: Barr
  fullname: Barr, R. Graham
  organization: Department of Medicine, Columbia University
– sequence: 90
  givenname: Sebastian E.
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  fullname: Baumeister, Sebastian E.
  organization: Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald
– sequence: 91
  givenname: Daniel J.
  surname: Benjamin
  fullname: Benjamin, Daniel J.
  organization: Department of Economics, Cornell University, Department of Economics and Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California
– sequence: 93
  givenname: Eric
  surname: Boerwinkle
  fullname: Boerwinkle, Eric
  organization: Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
– sequence: 98
  givenname: Stephen J.
  surname: Chanock
  fullname: Chanock, Stephen J.
  organization: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
– sequence: 118
  givenname: Irina
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  fullname: Gillham-Nasenya, Irina
  organization: Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London
– sequence: 119
  givenname: Omri
  surname: Gottesman
  fullname: Gottesman, Omri
  organization: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
– sequence: 121
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  surname: Grodstein
  fullname: Grodstein, Francine
  organization: Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health
– sequence: 122
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  surname: Gu
  fullname: Gu, Charles
  organization: Division of Biostatistics, Washington University
– sequence: 133
  givenname: Jinyan
  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, Jinyan
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
– sequence: 137
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  surname: Ingelsson
  fullname: Ingelsson, Erik
  organization: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University
– sequence: 139
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  surname: Johansson
  fullname: Johansson, Åsa
  organization: Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University
– sequence: 141
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  fullname: Jukema, J. Wouter
  organization: Department of Cardiology C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center
– sequence: 142
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  surname: Kähönen
  fullname: Kähönen, Mika
  organization: Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital
– sequence: 147
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  surname: Koellinger
  fullname: Koellinger, Philipp
  organization: Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam
– sequence: 149
  givenname: Manraj K.
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  fullname: Kooner, Manraj K.
  organization: Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust
– sequence: 152
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  fullname: Lahti, Jari
  organization: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Folkhälsan Reasearch Centre, PB 63, Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki
– sequence: 164
  givenname: Yingchang
  surname: Lu
  fullname: Lu, Yingchang
  organization: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
– sequence: 166
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  surname: Lundqvist
  fullname: Lundqvist, Annamari
  organization: Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare
– sequence: 167
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  fullname: Männistö, Satu
  organization: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare
– sequence: 170
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  surname: Matchan
  fullname: Matchan, Angela
  organization: Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton
– sequence: 171
  givenname: Rasika A.
  surname: Mathias
  fullname: Mathias, Rasika A.
  organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
– sequence: 175
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  surname: Meitinger
  fullname: Meitinger, Thomas
  organization: Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
– sequence: 182
  givenname: Alanna
  surname: Morrison
  fullname: Morrison, Alanna
  organization: Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
– sequence: 184
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  fullname: Nadukuru, Rajiv
  organization: The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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  surname: Nelis
  fullname: Nelis, Mari
  organization: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu
– sequence: 187
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  surname: Nieminen
  fullname: Nieminen, Markku S.
  organization: HUCH Heart and Lung center, Helsinki University Central Hospital
– sequence: 194
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  surname: Patarcic
  fullname: Patarcic, Inga
  organization: Centre for Global Health and Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split
– sequence: 196
  givenname: Patricia A.
  surname: Peyser
  fullname: Peyser, Patricia A.
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan
– sequence: 199
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  surname: Prokopenko
  fullname: Prokopenko, Inga
  organization: Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
– sequence: 205
  givenname: Lynda M.
  surname: Rose
  fullname: Rose, Lynda M.
  organization: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
– sequence: 207
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  surname: Sala
  fullname: Sala, Cinzia
  organization: Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute
– sequence: 210
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  surname: Sarin
  fullname: Sarin, Antti-Pekka
  organization: Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
– sequence: 212
  givenname: Helena
  surname: Schmidt
  fullname: Schmidt, Helena
  organization: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz
– sequence: 215
  givenname: Bengt
  surname: Sennblad
  fullname: Sennblad, Bengt
  organization: Department of Medicine Solna, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet
– sequence: 216
  givenname: Sudha
  surname: Seshadri
  fullname: Seshadri, Sudha
  organization: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
– sequence: 219
  givenname: Blair H.
  surname: Smith
  fullname: Smith, Blair H.
  organization: University of Dundee
– sequence: 220
  givenname: Jennifer A.
  surname: Smith
  fullname: Smith, Jennifer A.
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan
– sequence: 223
  givenname: Lorraine
  surname: Southam
  fullname: Southam, Lorraine
  organization: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton
– sequence: 225
  givenname: Maria G.
  surname: Stathopoulou
  fullname: Stathopoulou, Maria G.
  organization: UMR INSERM U1122, IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, INSERM, University of Lorraine
– sequence: 227
  givenname: Rona J.
  surname: Strawbridge
  fullname: Strawbridge, Rona J.
  organization: Department of Medicine Solna, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet
– sequence: 231
  givenname: Kent D.
  surname: Taylor
  fullname: Taylor, Kent D.
  organization: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
– sequence: 236
  givenname: Jaakko
  surname: Tuomilehto
  fullname: Tuomilehto, Jaakko
  organization: Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University
– sequence: 238
  givenname: Dhananjay
  surname: Vaidya
  fullname: Vaidya, Dhananjay
  organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
– sequence: 241
  givenname: Tuula
  surname: Vasankari
  fullname: Vasankari, Tuula
  organization: Finnish Lung Health Association
– sequence: 242
  givenname: Sailaja
  surname: Vedantam
  fullname: Vedantam, Sailaja
  organization: Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School
– sequence: 245
  givenname: Eero
  surname: Vuoksimaa
  fullname: Vuoksimaa, Eero
  organization: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute
– sequence: 249
  givenname: John B.
  surname: Whitfield
  fullname: Whitfield, John B.
  organization: Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
– sequence: 251
  givenname: Gonneke
  surname: Willemsen
  fullname: Willemsen, Gonneke
  organization: Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam
– sequence: 254
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  surname: Zaza
  fullname: Zaza, Gianluigi
  organization: Department of Medicine, Renal Unit, University of Verona
– sequence: 258
  givenname: Mads
  surname: Melbye
  fullname: Melbye, Mads
  organization: Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
– sequence: 259
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  surname: Bisgaard
  fullname: Bisgaard, Hans
  organization: COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen
– sequence: 263
  givenname: Richard S.
  surname: Cooper
  fullname: Cooper, Richard S.
  organization: Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago
– sequence: 264
  givenname: Philippe
  surname: Froguel
  fullname: Froguel, Philippe
  organization: CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London
– sequence: 265
  givenname: Gerard
  surname: Pasterkamp
  fullname: Pasterkamp, Gerard
  organization: Division Heart and Lungs, Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht
– sequence: 268
  givenname: Luigi
  surname: Ferrucci
  fullname: Ferrucci, Luigi
  organization: Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging
– sequence: 269
  givenname: Robert A.
  surname: Scott
  fullname: Scott, Robert A.
  organization: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus
– sequence: 270
  givenname: Andrew D.
  surname: Morris
  fullname: Morris, Andrew D.
  organization: Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh
– sequence: 273
  givenname: Panos
  surname: Deloukas
  fullname: Deloukas, Panos
  organization: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University
– sequence: 277
  givenname: Cecilia M.
  surname: Lindgren
  fullname: Lindgren, Cecilia M.
  organization: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
– sequence: 278
  givenname: Nicholas J.
  surname: Timpson
  fullname: Timpson, Nicholas J.
  organization: MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol
– sequence: 280
  givenname: Patricia B.
  surname: Munroe
  fullname: Munroe, Patricia B.
  organization: Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London
– sequence: 287
  givenname: Giovanni
  surname: Gambaro
  fullname: Gambaro, Giovanni
  organization: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
– sequence: 288
  givenname: Andrew P.
  surname: Morris
  fullname: Morris, Andrew P.
  organization: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool
– sequence: 289
  givenname: Johan G.
  surname: Eriksson
  fullname: Eriksson, Johan G.
  organization: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Vasa Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Reasearch Centre, PB 63, University of Helsinki, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital
– sequence: 291
  givenname: Nicholas G.
  surname: Martin
  fullname: Martin, Nicholas G.
  organization: Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
– sequence: 292
  givenname: Steven C.
  surname: Hunt
  fullname: Hunt, Steven C.
  organization: Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah
– sequence: 298
  givenname: Jaakko
  surname: Kaprio
  fullname: Kaprio, Jaakko
  organization: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)
– sequence: 318
  givenname: Diane M.
  surname: Becker
  fullname: Becker, Diane M.
  organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
– sequence: 319
  givenname: Dwaipayan
  surname: Bharadwaj
  fullname: Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan
  organization: Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University
– sequence: 321
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Boehnke
  fullname: Boehnke, Michael
  organization: Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
– sequence: 326
  givenname: Andres
  surname: Metspalu
  fullname: Metspalu, Andres
  organization: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu
– sequence: 336
  givenname: Josée
  surname: Dupuis
  fullname: Dupuis, Josée
  organization: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study
– sequence: 340
  givenname: Peter
  surname: Vollenweider
  fullname: Vollenweider, Peter
  organization: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
– sequence: 343
  givenname: Jerome I.
  surname: Rotter
  fullname: Rotter, Jerome I.
  organization: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
– sequence: 349
  givenname: David R.
  surname: Weir
  fullname: Weir, David R.
  organization: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
– sequence: 353
  givenname: John C.
  surname: Chambers
  fullname: Chambers, John C.
  organization: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131930$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet An analysis of 16 health-related quantitative traits in approximately 350,000 individuals reveals statistically significant associations between genome-wide...
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces...
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders (1), and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding...
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1 and Darwin was one of the first to recognise that inbreeding reduces...
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders(1), and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding...
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SubjectTerms 45
45/43
631/181/2474
631/208/729/743
631/208/730
Biological Evolution
Blood pressure
Blood Pressure - genetics
Body Height - genetics
Cholesterol, LDL - genetics
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Cohort Studies
Disease
Educational attainment
Educational Status
Female
Forced Expiratory Volume - genetics
Genetic research
Genome, Human - genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Homozygosity
Homozygote
Human populations
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Inbreeding
letter
Lung Volume Measurements
Male
multidisciplinary
Offspring
Phenotype
Public health
Risk factors
Science
Studies
Title Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature14618
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