Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms

Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target...

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Veröffentlicht in:PLoS genetics Jg. 13; H. 7; S. e1006780
Hauptverfasser: El-Brolosy, Mohamed A., Stainier, Didier Y. R.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Public Library of Science 13.07.2017
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:
Animals
Antisense
Antisense RNA
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis - genetics
Biology and life sciences
Compensation
Danio rerio
Defects
Dosage compensation
Dosage Compensation, Genetic
Drosophila
Drosophila - genetics
Eukaryotes
Fruit flies
Gene expression
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Gene Knockout Techniques
Gene mutation
Genetic research
Genetics
Insects
Medical research
Mice
MicroRNAs
Models, Animal
Molecular modelling
Mutant Proteins - biosynthesis
Mutant Proteins - genetics
Organisms
Post-transcription
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
Review
Studies
Transcription
Transcription, Genetic
Yeast
Zebrafish - genetics
Zebrafish Proteins - genetics
ISSN:1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
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Zusammenfassung:Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1553-7404
1553-7390
1553-7404
DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006780