Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms

Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target...

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Vydané v:PLoS genetics Ročník 13; číslo 7; s. e1006780
Hlavní autori: El-Brolosy, Mohamed A., Stainier, Didier Y. R.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States Public Library of Science 13.07.2017
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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ISSN:1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
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Abstract Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
AbstractList Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
Audience Academic
Author El-Brolosy, Mohamed A.
Stainier, Didier Y. R.
AuthorAffiliation Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, UNITED STATES
Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, UNITED STATES
– name: Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mohamed A.
  surname: El-Brolosy
  fullname: El-Brolosy, Mohamed A.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Didier Y. R.
  surname: Stainier
  fullname: Stainier, Didier Y. R.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28704371$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science
2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: El-Brolosy MA, Stainier DYR (2017) Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms. PLoS Genet 13(7): e1006780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006780
2017 El-Brolosy, Stainier 2017 El-Brolosy, Stainier
2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: El-Brolosy MA, Stainier DYR (2017) Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms. PLoS Genet 13(7): e1006780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006780
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: El-Brolosy MA, Stainier DYR (2017) Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms. PLoS Genet 13(7): e1006780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006780
– notice: 2017 El-Brolosy, Stainier 2017 El-Brolosy, Stainier
– notice: 2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: El-Brolosy MA, Stainier DYR (2017) Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms. PLoS Genet 13(7): e1006780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006780
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Snippet Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e.,...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antisense
Antisense RNA
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis - genetics
Biology and life sciences
Compensation
Danio rerio
Defects
Dosage compensation
Dosage Compensation, Genetic
Drosophila
Drosophila - genetics
Eukaryotes
Fruit flies
Gene expression
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Gene Knockout Techniques
Gene mutation
Genetic research
Genetics
Insects
Medical research
Mice
MicroRNAs
Models, Animal
Molecular modelling
Mutant Proteins - biosynthesis
Mutant Proteins - genetics
Organisms
Post-transcription
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
Review
Studies
Transcription
Transcription, Genetic
Yeast
Zebrafish - genetics
Zebrafish Proteins - genetics
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Title Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms
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Volume 13
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