A Genetic Basis for a Postmeiotic X Versus Y Chromosome Intragenomic Conflict in the Mouse

Intragenomic conflicts arise when a genetic element favours its own transmission to the detriment of others. Conflicts over sex chromosome transmission are expected to have influenced genome structure, gene regulation, and speciation. In the mouse, the existence of an intragenomic conflict between X...

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Vydané v:PLoS genetics Ročník 8; číslo 9; s. e1002900
Hlavní autori: Cocquet, Julie, Ellis, Peter J. I., Mahadevaiah, Shantha K., Affara, Nabeel A., Vaiman, Daniel, Burgoyne, Paul S.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States Public Library of Science 01.09.2012
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - antagonists & inhibitors
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - deficiency
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - genetics
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
Animals
Biology
Chromosomes
Epigenesis, Genetic
Female
Females
Gene amplification
Gene Dosage
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Genetic Speciation
Genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Infertility, Male
Insects
Male
Males
Meiosis
Meiosis - genetics
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Nuclear Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
Nuclear Proteins - deficiency
Nuclear Proteins - genetics
Physiological aspects
Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
Proteins - genetics
Segregation
Sex Chromatin - genetics
Sex Chromatin - metabolism
Sex Ratio
Sperm
Spermatids - metabolism
Spermatozoa - growth & development
Spermatozoa - metabolism
X Chromosome - genetics
Y Chromosome - genetics
United Kingdom
ISSN:1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
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Shrnutí:Intragenomic conflicts arise when a genetic element favours its own transmission to the detriment of others. Conflicts over sex chromosome transmission are expected to have influenced genome structure, gene regulation, and speciation. In the mouse, the existence of an intragenomic conflict between X- and Y-linked multicopy genes has long been suggested but never demonstrated. The Y-encoded multicopy gene Sly has been shown to have a predominant role in the epigenetic repression of post meiotic sex chromatin (PMSC) and, as such, represses X and Y genes, among which are its X-linked homologs Slx and Slxl1. Here, we produced mice that are deficient for both Sly and Slx/Slxl1 and observed that Slx/Slxl1 has an opposite role to that of Sly, in that it stimulates XY gene expression in spermatids. Slx/Slxl1 deficiency rescues the sperm differentiation defects and near sterility caused by Sly deficiency and vice versa. Slx/Slxl1 deficiency also causes a sex ratio distortion towards the production of male offspring that is corrected by Sly deficiency. All in all, our data show that Slx/Slxl1 and Sly have antagonistic effects during sperm differentiation and are involved in a postmeiotic intragenomic conflict that causes segregation distortion and male sterility. This is undoubtedly what drove the massive gene amplification on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. It may also be at the basis of cases of F1 male hybrid sterility where the balance between Slx/Slxl1 and Sly copy number, and therefore expression, is disrupted. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first demonstration of a competition occurring between X and Y related genes in mammals. It also provides a biological basis for the concept that intragenomic conflict is an important evolutionary force which impacts on gene expression, genome structure, and speciation.
Bibliografia:ObjectType-Article-1
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Conceived and designed the experiments: JC PSB. Performed the experiments: JC PJIE SKM. Analyzed the data: JC PJIE DV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NAA DV. Wrote the paper: JC PJIE PSB.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1553-7404
1553-7390
1553-7404
DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002900