Structures and distributions of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on intact virions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude 1 . Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells 2 – 6 . S exhibi...

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Vydané v:	Nature (London) Ročník 588; číslo 7838; s. 498 - 502
Hlavní autori:	Ke, Zunlong, Oton, Joaquin, Qu, Kun, Cortese, Mirko, Zila, Vojtech, McKeane, Lesley, Nakane, Takanori, Zivanov, Jasenko, Neufeldt, Christopher J., Cerikan, Berati, Lu, John M., Peukes, Julia, Xiong, Xiaoli, Kräusslich, Hans-Georg, Scheres, Sjors H. W., Bartenschlager, Ralf, Briggs, John A. G.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.12.2020 Nature Publishing Group
Predmet:	101/28 631/326/596/4130 631/535/1258/1259 631/535/1258/1260 Antibodies Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology Binding sites Cell Line, Tumor Coronaviruses COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology Cryoelectron Microscopy Distribution Electron microscopy Endoplasmic reticulum Enzymes Flexibility Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Infections Lipid bilayers Lipids Microscopy Models, Molecular Monomers multidisciplinary Peptides Physiological aspects Pliability Protein Conformation Protein Multimerization Protein S Protein structure Proteins SARS-CoV-2 - chemistry SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism SARS-CoV-2 - ultrastructure Science Science (multidisciplinary) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - analysis Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - isolation & purification Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - ultrastructure Structure Tomography Transmission electron microscopy Trimers Virion - chemistry Virion - isolation & purification Virion - metabolism Virion - ultrastructure Virions Viroplasm Virus research United Kingdom
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude 1 . Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells 2 – 6 . S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor-binding site and subsequently undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes 2 , 7 , 8 . The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy 2 , 7 , 9 – 12 , but the structure and distribution of S on the virion surface remain unknown. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography studies reveal the structures, conformations and distributions of spike protein trimers on intact severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions and provide a basis for understanding the interactions of the spike protein with neutralizing antibodies.
AbstractList	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude . Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells . S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor-binding site and subsequently undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes . The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy , but the structure and distribution of S on the virion surface remain unknown. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude.sup.1. Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells.sup.2-6. S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor-binding site and subsequently undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes.sup.2,7,8. The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy.sup.2,7,9-12, but the structure and distribution of S on the virion surface remain unknown. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography studies reveal the structures, conformations and distributions of spike protein trimers on intact severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions and provide a basis for understanding the interactions of the spike protein with neutralizing antibodies. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude1. Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind the ACE2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells2–6. S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor binding site and later undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes2,7,8. The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy2,7,9–12. The structure and distribution of S on the virion surface, however, has not been characterised. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions, determining the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S present on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. When imaged by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), betacoronaviruses appear as approximately spherical particles with variable diameters centred around 100 nm, containing a dense viroplasm and bounded by a lipid bilayer from which prominent S trimers protrude16,17. After receptor binding, structural transition of the prefusion form to the postfusion form brings the fusion peptide and the transmembrane domain together at one end of a long, needle-like structure centred around a three-helix bundle8. At 48 h after infection, the supernatant was clarified, inactivated by fixation with formaldehyde and stored at -80 °C. Western blot analysis revealed that approximately 45% of the total S protein monomers on virions had been cleaved at the multibasic cleavage site, resulting in S1 and S2 peptides (Fig. 1a). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude1. Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells2-6. S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor-binding site and subsequently undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes2,7,8. The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy2,7,9-12, but the structure and distribution of S on the virion surface remain unknown. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude1. Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells2-6. S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor-binding site and subsequently undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes2,7,8. The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy2,7,9-12, but the structure and distribution of S on the virion surface remain unknown. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude.sup.1. Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells.sup.2-6. S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor-binding site and subsequently undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes.sup.2,7,8. The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy.sup.2,7,9-12, but the structure and distribution of S on the virion surface remain unknown. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude 1 . Heavily glycosylated S trimers bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and mediate entry of virions into target cells 2 – 6 . S exhibits extensive conformational flexibility: it modulates exposure of its receptor-binding site and subsequently undergoes complete structural rearrangement to drive fusion of viral and cellular membranes 2 , 7 , 8 . The structures and conformations of soluble, overexpressed, purified S proteins have been studied in detail using cryo-electron microscopy 2 , 7 , 9 – 12 , but the structure and distribution of S on the virion surface remain unknown. Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational flexibility and distribution of S trimers in situ on the virion surface. These results reveal the conformations of S on the virion, and provide a basis from which to understand interactions between S and neutralizing antibodies during infection or vaccination. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography studies reveal the structures, conformations and distributions of spike protein trimers on intact severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions and provide a basis for understanding the interactions of the spike protein with neutralizing antibodies.
Audience	Academic
Author	McKeane, Lesley Nakane, Takanori Zivanov, Jasenko Xiong, Xiaoli Cerikan, Berati Neufeldt, Christopher J. Peukes, Julia Kräusslich, Hans-Georg Briggs, John A. G. Bartenschlager, Ralf Qu, Kun Lu, John M. Scheres, Sjors H. W. Ke, Zunlong Oton, Joaquin Zila, Vojtech Cortese, Mirko
AuthorAffiliation	1 Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 5 German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 4 Visual Aids Department, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany – name: 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany – name: 5 German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany – name: 4 Visual Aids Department, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom – name: 1 Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Zunlong orcidid: 0000-0002-8408-850X surname: Ke fullname: Ke, Zunlong organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 2 givenname: Joaquin orcidid: 0000-0002-2195-4730 surname: Oton fullname: Oton, Joaquin organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 3 givenname: Kun surname: Qu fullname: Qu, Kun organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 4 givenname: Mirko orcidid: 0000-0003-1786-4211 surname: Cortese fullname: Cortese, Mirko organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University – sequence: 5 givenname: Vojtech orcidid: 0000-0003-2032-3600 surname: Zila fullname: Zila, Vojtech organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University – sequence: 6 givenname: Lesley surname: McKeane fullname: McKeane, Lesley organization: Visual Aids Department, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 7 givenname: Takanori orcidid: 0000-0003-2697-2767 surname: Nakane fullname: Nakane, Takanori organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 8 givenname: Jasenko surname: Zivanov fullname: Zivanov, Jasenko organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 9 givenname: Christopher J. orcidid: 0000-0002-4551-1811 surname: Neufeldt fullname: Neufeldt, Christopher J. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University – sequence: 10 givenname: Berati surname: Cerikan fullname: Cerikan, Berati organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University – sequence: 11 givenname: John M. orcidid: 0000-0002-3972-8854 surname: Lu fullname: Lu, John M. organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 12 givenname: Julia surname: Peukes fullname: Peukes, Julia organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 13 givenname: Xiaoli orcidid: 0000-0002-4632-9122 surname: Xiong fullname: Xiong, Xiaoli organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 14 givenname: Hans-Georg surname: Kräusslich fullname: Kräusslich, Hans-Georg organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site – sequence: 15 givenname: Sjors H. W. orcidid: 0000-0002-0462-6540 surname: Scheres fullname: Scheres, Sjors H. W. organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology – sequence: 16 givenname: Ralf orcidid: 0000-0001-5601-9307 surname: Bartenschlager fullname: Bartenschlager, Ralf organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) – sequence: 17 givenname: John A. G. orcidid: 0000-0003-3990-6910 surname: Briggs fullname: Briggs, John A. G. email: jbriggs@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk organization: Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32805734$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude 1 .... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude . Heavily... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude.sup.1.... Here we applied cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to image intact SARS-CoV-2 virions and determine the high-resolution structure, conformational... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer from which spike (S) protein trimers protrude1. Heavily...
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SubjectTerms	101/28 631/326/596/4130 631/535/1258/1259 631/535/1258/1260 Antibodies Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology Binding sites Cell Line, Tumor Coronaviruses COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology Cryoelectron Microscopy Distribution Electron microscopy Endoplasmic reticulum Enzymes Flexibility Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Infections Lipid bilayers Lipids Microscopy Models, Molecular Monomers multidisciplinary Peptides Physiological aspects Pliability Protein Conformation Protein Multimerization Protein S Protein structure Proteins SARS-CoV-2 - chemistry SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism SARS-CoV-2 - ultrastructure Science Science (multidisciplinary) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - analysis Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - isolation & purification Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - ultrastructure Structure Tomography Transmission electron microscopy Trimers Virion - chemistry Virion - isolation & purification Virion - metabolism Virion - ultrastructure Virions Viroplasm Virus research
Title	Structures and distributions of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on intact virions
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41586-020-2665-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32805734 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2475949486 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2435191441 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7116492
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