Systematic underestimation of the epigenetic clock and age acceleration in older subjects

Background The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate “age acceleration” in various tissues and environments. Results The model systematically underestimates age in tissue...

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Vydané v:	Genome Biology Ročník 20; číslo 1; s. 283
Hlavní autori:	El Khoury, Louis Y., Gorrie-Stone, Tyler, Smart, Melissa, Hughes, Amanda, Bao, Yanchun, Andrayas, Alexandria, Burrage, Joe, Hannon, Eilis, Kumari, Meena, Mill, Jonathan, Schalkwyk, Leonard C.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London BioMed Central 17.12.2019 Springer Nature B.V BMC
Predmet:	Age Age acceleration Aging - genetics Animal Genetics and Genomics Bioinformatics Biological Clocks Biomedical and Life Sciences Blood Cerebellum CpG islands data collection Datasets Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetic clock Epigenetics Evolutionary Biology Genetic testing genome Human Genetics Humans Life Sciences Microbial Genetics and Genomics people Plant Genetics and Genomics DNA methylation Age acceleration Epigenetic clock
ISSN:	1474-760X, 1474-7596, 1474-760X
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Abstract	Background The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate “age acceleration” in various tissues and environments. Results The model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways. Conclusions The concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate.
AbstractList	Background The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate “age acceleration” in various tissues and environments. Results The model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways. Conclusions The concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate. BackgroundThe Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate “age acceleration” in various tissues and environments.ResultsThe model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways.ConclusionsThe concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate. BACKGROUND: The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate “age acceleration” in various tissues and environments. RESULTS: The model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate. The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate "age acceleration" in various tissues and environments. The model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways. The concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate. Abstract Background The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate “age acceleration” in various tissues and environments. Results The model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways. Conclusions The concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate. The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate "age acceleration" in various tissues and environments.BACKGROUNDThe Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used to calculate "age acceleration" in various tissues and environments.The model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways.RESULTSThe model systematically underestimates age in tissues from older people. This is seen in all examined tissues but most strongly in the cerebellum and is consistently observed in multiple datasets. Age acceleration is thus age-dependent, and this can lead to spurious associations. The current literature includes examples of association tests with age acceleration calculated in a wide variety of ways.The concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate.CONCLUSIONSThe concept of an epigenetic clock is compelling, but caution should be taken in interpreting associations with age acceleration. Association tests of age acceleration should include age as a covariate.
ArticleNumber	283
Author	El Khoury, Louis Y. Kumari, Meena Bao, Yanchun Hannon, Eilis Mill, Jonathan Hughes, Amanda Smart, Melissa Burrage, Joe Gorrie-Stone, Tyler Andrayas, Alexandria Schalkwyk, Leonard C.
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Keywords	DNA methylation Age acceleration Epigenetic clock
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Snippet	Background The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has... The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has been used... BackgroundThe Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and has... BACKGROUND: The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown samples and... Abstract Background The Horvath epigenetic clock is widely used. It predicts age quite well from 353 CpG sites in the DNA methylation profile in unknown...
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SubjectTerms	Age Age acceleration Aging - genetics Animal Genetics and Genomics Bioinformatics Biological Clocks Biomedical and Life Sciences Blood Cerebellum CpG islands data collection Datasets Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetic clock Epigenetics Evolutionary Biology Genetic testing genome Human Genetics Humans Life Sciences Microbial Genetics and Genomics people Plant Genetics and Genomics
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Title	Systematic underestimation of the epigenetic clock and age acceleration in older subjects
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